362 ULMACEAE 
obtuse: stamens long-exserted: fruiting heads globose, 5-15 cm. in diameter, golden- 
yellow. [Maclura aurantiaca Nutt. ] 
In fields or thickets, Virginia to Arkansas, Georgia and Texas. Late spring and summer. 
3. BROUSSONÉTIA L Her. 
Wide-spreading trees, with a milky sap. Leaves alternate: blades undivided, or 3-5- 
lobed, serrate, softly pubescent. Flowers dioecious, the staminate in elongated ament-like 
spikes, with a perianth of 4 partially united valvate sepals, 4 stamens with filiform fila- 
ments, and a rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers in heads, with an ovoid or tube-like 
toothed perianth, a stalked included ovary with a single stigma. Ovule pendulous. Fruit- 
ing head peduncled, each achene protruding from the persistent perianth, with a rugose 
crustaceous endocarp. PAPER MULBERRY. 
1. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. A Morus-like tree 4-15 m. tall, with hirsute- 
tomentose twigs and foliage. Leaf-blades thinnish, ovate, serrate, undivided or 3-lobed, 
acuminate or acute at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, scabrous above, tomentose 
beneath ; petioles 3-3 as long as the blades: racemes 2-5 cm. long, cylindric, longer than 
the peduncles: mature heads globose, 2-3 cm. in diameter. 
In waste places or cultivated lands, New York to Missouri and Florida. Native of Asia. Spring. 
4. FICUS L. 
Monoecious or rarely dioecious shrubs, trees or climbing plants, with a thick milky 
sap and usually naked buds. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite: blades entire, toothed 
or lobed, leathery : stipules interpetiolar. Flowers in hollow receptacles. Staminate 
flowers nearly sessile: calyx of 2-6 partially united sepals, or sometimes wanting: stamens 
1 or 2, or rarely 3: filaments short and stout, when more than one, united : anthers innate 
or adnate. Pistillate flowers short-stalked : sepals commonly fewer and narrower than in 
the staminate flowers, or rarely wanting. Ovary sessile, 1-celled, sometimes oblique : style 
lateral, elongated : stigma club-shaped, peltate or 2-lobed. -Ovule suspended or horizontal, 
anatropous. Achenes immersed in the accrescent receptacle. Fic. 
Leaf-blades lobed, very scabrous-pubescent. 1. F. Carica. 
Leaf-blades entire, smooth and glabrous. ; 
Receptacles pedunculate. 2. F. populina. 
Receptacles sessile. 3. F. aurea. 
1. Ficus Carica L. A shrub or small tree 2-5 m. tall, the stems sometimes clustered. 
Leaf-blades very scabrous-pubescent, firm, leathery, suborbicular or oval in outline, trun- 
cate or cordate at the base, palmately 5-7-lobed ; lobes coarsely toothed or again lobed ; 
petioles densely pubescent, about 4 as long as the blades: fruit obovoid, 2-8 cm. long. 
In fields, escaped from cultivation, Virginia to Tennessee, Florida and Texas. Spring. 
2. Ficus populina Willd. A small tree, sometimes 15 m. tall with a maximum trunk 
diameter of 5 dm. Leaf-blades leathery, ovate, oval or rarely obovate, 3-10 em. long, ob- 
tuse, acute or abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, entire, deep green, lustrous above, 
rounded or cordate at the base; petioles 1-3 as long as the blades: receptacle globose-obo- 
void, pedunculate : flowers intermixed with chaff-like scales: sepals united to about the 
middle, broader in the pistillate flowers than in the staminate : fruit subglobose, 2-2.5 cm. 
in diameter. [F. brevifolia Nutt.] 
In hammocks, peninsular Florida and the Keys. Alsointhe West Indies. Spring and summer. 
3. Ficus aürea Nutt. A tree, starting as a parasite on the trunks of other trees, pro- 
ducing aérial roots which on reaching the ground produce large trunks and propagate the 
tree over large areas, maximum height 20 m. Leaf-blades leathery, oblong, oval or ellip- 
tic, 3-10 em. long, acute or short-acuminate at both ends, entire, yellowish green, lustrous 
above, paler beneath, usually short-petioled : receptacles sessile or nearly so in the axils, 
depressed globose, often in pairs: flowers reddish, tinged with purple, intermixed with 
chafflike scales: sepals united to the middle or only at the base, the lobes broad in the 
staminate flowers, narrow in the pistillate: fruit obovoid, 2 cm. in diameter. 
In hammocks, southern Florida and the Keys. Also in the Bahama Islands. Spring and summer. 
FAMILY 4. ULMACEAE Mirbel. ELM FAMILY. 
Sometimes evergreen shrubs or trees, with a watery sap and spreading or 
usually drooping terete angled or winged branches. Pubescence not stinging. 
