364 ULMACEAE 
ously fringed with cilia, and pubescent all over, prolonged into 2 slender hooked beaks : 
seeds ovate-lanceolate. x 
Chiefly along streams, Virginia to Kansas, Florida and Texas. Late winter and spring. WAHOO. 
4. Ulmus Floridàna Chapm. A small tree, sometimes 20 m. tall, with a maximum 
trunk diameter of about 1 m., its mature leafy twigs purple, glabrous.  Leaf-blades firm, 
leathery, oblong, oval or ovate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, acute or short- 
acuminate, doubly or triply serrate with appressed or incurved teeth, inequilateral, oblique 
at the base, glabrous, smooth or rough above, more or less pubescent beneath, short- 
petioled : flowers vernal in somewhat clustered racemes : pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long, glabrous: 
calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm. long: samara ovate, 11-13 mm. long, reticulated, ciliate, the 
tips erect or nearly so. 
On river banks, North Carolina to Florida. Late winter and early spring. 
5. Ulmus Americana L. A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of about 40 m., 
with a trunk diameter of 1-3 m., its mature leafy twigs pubescent. Leaf-blades oval or 
ovate, 5-10 em. long, short-acuminate, usually doubly serrate, with more or less incurved 
teeth, inequilateral, oblique at the base, sometimes cordate, glabrous or nearly smooth 
above, sparingly pubescent and prominently nerved beneath, short-petioled : flowers 
vernal, clustered : pedicels 1-1.3 cm. long, glabrous: calyx campanulate, 2-3 mm. long : 
samara oval or obovate, 10-12 mm. long, reticulated, fringed, the tips strongly convergent : 
seeds central, oval or elliptic. 
_ Along water courses, Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, Florida and Texas. Late winter and early 
spring. WHITE or WATER ELM. 
6. Ulmus falva Michx. A tree, becoming 25 m. tall, with a trunk, diameter of less 
than 1 m., the twigs and leaves scabrous pubescent : inner bark mucilaginous. Leaf-blades 
ovate, oval or obovate, or those on shoots lanceolate, acuminate, doubly or triply serrate, 
obliquely truncate or cordate at the base, scabrous-pubescent on both sides, short-petioled : 
flowers vernal, in dense clusters, nearly sessile or the pedicels 1-2 mm. long ; calyx cam- 
panulate, pubescent, 3 mm. long, the lobes half-orbicular : samaras suborbicular, bey 
mm. in diameter, finely pubescent, with a slightly thickened margin not fringed with cilia : 
seeds oval, 5-6 mm. long. 
On banks and in rocky soil, Quebec to North Dakota, Florida and Texas. Early spring. SLIPPERY 
2. PLANERA J. F. Gmel. 
Small trees, with a scaly bark and very slender somewhat flexuous branchlets. Leaves 
three-ranked : blades rather rigid, crenate-serrate with gland-tipped teeth, otherwise elm- 
like. Flowers polygamo-monoecious : staminate in clusters arising from the axils of the 
branchlets : pistillate (or perfect) solitary or several together in the axils of the leaves. 
Calyx campanulate, somewhat scarious, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, exserted : filaments fili- 
form: anthers introrse, notched at the apex, cordate at the base. Ovary short-stalked, 
1-celled, tuberculate, surmounted by two recurved introrse stigmas. Nut-like fruit dry- 
leathery, covered with irregular elongated wart-like projections. Seed solitary, flattened, 
with a lustrous testa. PLANER-TREE. WATER ELM. 
1. Planera aquatica ( Walt.) J. F. Gmel. A small tree 4-12 m. tall, with a maxi- 
mum trunk diameter of about 6 dm. Bark smooth or scaly : leaf-blades ovate or elliptic- 
ovate, 3-8 cm. long, acute or obtuse, singly or doubly serrate or crenate-serrate, inequilat- 
eral, oblique at the base, finely reticulated and deep green above, glabrous or minutely 
pubescent and -paler beneath, short-petioled : staminate flowers in clusters or clustered 
racemes : pistillate flowers solitary or several in an axil: pedicel longer than the calyx: 
calyx turbinate-campanulate, about 2 mm. long,“the lobes ovate, obtuse : fruit ovoid, about 
1 em. long, surpassing its pedicel in length, tuberculate-echinate with soft processes. 
In river swamps, Indiana and Missouri to North Carolina, Florida and Texas. Early spring. 
3. CELTIS L. 
Unarmed shrubs or trees, with a thin smooth or extensively corky-ridged bark. Leaves 
2-ranked : blades oblique, entire or serrate, membranous or somewhat leathery. Flowers 
polygamo-monoecious, or rarely monoecious, axillary, on the new branchlets : staminate 
solitary or clustered : pistillate solitary or a few together near the ends of the branchlets. 
Calyx 4-5-lobed, deciduous. Stamens 4-5 : filaments incurved : anthers extrorse, loosely 
attached just above the base. Ovary sessile, 1-celled, prolonged into two recurved stigmas. 
Drupe subglobose with a firm outer coat, the pulp scant and the stone bony, its surface 
smooth or rugose. Seed filling the cavity of the stone. ` The plants flower in the spring. 
HACKBERRY. SUGAR-BERRY. 
ELM. 
