370 POLYGONACEAE 
triangular-ovate, 3mm. long, undulate or subdentate, slightly shorter than most of the 
pedicels and peduncles, each bearing a large ovoid callosity: achenes ovoid or oblong- 
ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, the angles slightly margined. 
In swamps, Labrador and British Columbia to Florida and Lower California. Also in Europe 
Spring to fall. 
6. Rumex Langloisii Small. Perennial, somewhat scurfy, dark green. Stem erect 
or ascending, 5-7 dm. tall, simple or with a few nearly erect branches, more or less 
flexuous : leaf-blades oblong or linear-oblong, 3-12 cm. long, acuminate or acutish, erose- 
crenulate, slightly crisped, rather prominently nerved, especially beneath: panicle 
usually dense at maturity: pedicels about 5 mm. long, much longer than the very short 
peduncles, each enlarged toward the apex: sepal-wings leathery, deltoid, 4 mm. long, 
blunt, the surface prominently nerved, each bearing a papillose callosity, which is 1 mm. 
broad and 3 mm. long: achenes ovoid, nearly 3 mm. long, each abruptly contracted into 
a very short base, slightly acuminate at the apex, the angles slightly paler than the 
faces, margined. 
In low grounds, southern Louisiana. Summer. 
7. Rumex altissimus Wood. Perennial, pale green. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, erect, 
simple or sparingly branched above: leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate- 
lanceolate, or sometimes oblanceolate, 5-25 cm. long, acute at the apex, thickish, acute or 
acuminate at the base: panicle rather open, the branches somewhat spreading or erect, 
the rather dense whorls only slightly separated in fruit: pedicels slender, much longer 
than the very short peduncles: sepal-wings triangular-cordate, 4-5 mm. long, about as 
long as the pedicels, usually only one producing a large ovoid callosity : achenes ovoid, 
3 mm. long. 
In river bottoms, Massachusetts to Iowa, the District of Columbia and Texas. Spring and early 
summer. 
8. Rumex spiralis Small. Perennial, light green, somewhat glaucescent. Stem 
erect, 8-9 dm. tall, simple or sparingly branched above, slightly flexuous: leaf-blades 
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-13 cm. long, acute or sometimes attenuate at the apex, 
the lower ones obtuse or truncate at the base, the upper acute or acuminate at the base, 
coriaceous, neither prominently nor conspicuously nerved: panicle nearly naked, the 
mature branches 5-12 cm. long, rather erect, the terminal one usually about twice as long 
as the lateral ones, with dense, barely interrupted whorls: pedicels together with the 
peduncles varying from 2-4 mm. in length, the joint below the middle: sepal-wings 
broadly ovate-cordate, broader than high, 1 cm. long, 1-1.2 em. broad, straw-colored, 
sometimes slightly constricted below the apex, prominently nerved, crenulate and undulate, 
each one bearing an oblong-ovoid callosity and strongly spirally twisted : achenes broadly 
oblong-ovoid, 3 mm. long, short-pointed, the angles conspicuously margined. 
On the margins of ponds, Texas. Spring. 
9. Rumex hymenosépalus Torr. Perennial by a cluster of fusiform roots, light 
green, glaucescent. Stem erect, 3-9 dm. tall, simple or nearly so, often red, somewhat 
fleshy : leaf-blades fleshy, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-25 cm. long, varying from 
gradually acuminate to acute, undulate and somewhat crisped, the lower ones attenuate into 
thick petioles, the upper sessile: panicle somewhat leafy-bracted, dense in fruit, the 
branches erect, 5-20 cm. long: pedicels about as long as the peduncles : sepal-wings ovate- 
cordate, 1 cm. long, acutish, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, about as long as the pedicels, 
none bearing callosities : achenes ovoid, 5-5.3 mm. long, the angles more or less margined. 
On dry plains, the Indian Territory to Texas, California, and Lower California. Summer. 
10. Rumex críspus L. Perennial, dark green. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, erect, simple or 
sparingly branched above: lower leaves with oblong or oblong-lanceolate, long-petioled 
blades, 1.5-3 dm. long; upper leaves with mostly narrowly-oblong or lanceolate short- 
petioled blades, 8-16 cm. long ; all acute or obtuse, cordate or obtuse at the base, more or 
less papillose : panicle rather dense ; the branches with contiguous whorls in fruit by the 
elongation of the pedicels and peduncles: pedicels much longer than the peduncles : sepal- 
wings cordate, 3-4 mm. long, truncate or slightly notched at the base, erose-dentate, 
about $ as long as the pedicels, each bearing a callosity : achenes oblong-ovoid, 2 mm. long. 
_ , Common throughout the United States and southern British America. Naturalized from Europe. 
Native also of Asia. Summer. 
11. Rumex Berlandiéri Meisn. Perennial, somewhat papillose, dark green. Stem 
erect or ascending, 6-12 dm. tall, rather stout, somewhat fleshy, simple or sparingly 
branched, usually reddish, strict, or flexuous above : leaf-blades oblanceolate or spatulate, 
1-3 dm. long, obtuse or the upper ones sometimes acute, flat or sometimes crisped : panicle 
leafy-bracted, the branches nearly naked, ascending or erect, 3-20 cm. long, the dense 
