POLYGONACEAE 371 
whorls usually separated, except towards the ends of the branches: pedicels rather stout, 
somewhat longer than the peduncles : sepal-wings triangular, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, erose or 
somewhat toothed, acute, strongly nerved, about as long as the pedicels and peduncles, 
each bearing a narrowly-oblong callosity : achenes ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, the angles mar- 
gined. 
In valleys, Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Summer. 
12. Rumex conglomeratus Murray. Perennial, pale green. Stem 3-9 dm. long, 
erect, simple or branched : leaf-blades ovate, oblong or lanceolate, 2.5-13 cm. long, some 
slightly fiddle-shaped, acute, crenulate and slightly crisped, obtuse at the base: panicle 
loose and open even in fruit, the branches with leafy bracts, slender, ascending, the loose 
whorls much separated : pedicels much longer than the peduncles : sepal-wings oblong, 
fiddle-shaped, 3 mm. long, dentate near the base, as long as the pedicels or slightly longer, 
each bearing a large oblong callosity : achenes ovoid, nearly 2 mm. long, pointed. 
In waste places, Virginia to South Carolina. Alsoin California. Naturalized from Europe. Spring 
and summer. i ; 
13. Rumex sanguíneus L. Perennial, glabrous. Stem 3-9 dm. long, erect, simple 
or branched: leaf-blades oblong, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2.5-16 cm. long, the 
lower ones long-petioled, acute or obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, the upper ones 
short-petioled, acute at the apex, obtuse at the base, all usually with red veins: panicle 
loose, the branches slender, spreading, without leafy bracts, the lax whorls separated : 
pedicels slender : sepal-wings oblong, 3 mm. long, as long as the pedicels or somewhat 
shorter, only one bearing a spherical-oblong callosity : achenes broadly ovoid, nearly 2 
mm. long, sharp-pointed. 
In waste places, New York to Virginia and Louisiana. Naturalized from Europe. Spring and 
summer. 
14. Rumex púlcher L. Perennial, deep green. Stem 3-9 dm. long, erect or pro- 
cumbent, rather diffusely branched : lower leaves with oblong, often fiddle-shaped, long- 
petioled blades 2.5-15 cm. long, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, the upper ones 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-8 cm. long, short-petioled, acutish, the uppermost acumi- 
nate at the base : petioles more or less pubescent : panicle loose, the branches spreading, 
without leafy bracts, the few-flowered whorls much separated: pedicels and peduncles 
about equal in length : sepal-wings ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 mm. long, truncate at the base, 
about as long as the pedicels and peduncles, one larger than the rest or all three of different 
sizes, armed with 5-10 spine-like teeth, 2 of the wings bearing callosities : achenes pyram- 
idal-ovoid, 2 mm. long, pointed. 
In dry ground along the coast from Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. Also on the Pacific slope 
and on ballast at various ports. Naturalized from Europe. Summer. 
_ 15. Rumex obtusifdlius L. Perennial, dark green. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, erect, 
simple or sparingly branched, more or less scurfy above : lower leaves with oblong-lanceo- 
late long-petioled blades 1.5-4 dm. long, the upper ones lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 
5-15 em. long, short-petioled, all cordate or obtuse at the base, obtuse or acute at the apex, 
more or less eroded and crisped: panicle rather open, the branches nearly erect, with 
contiguous or partially separated loose whorls : pedicels slender, somewhat longer than the 
peduncles : sepal-wings hastate, 4-5 mm. long, fringed with 3-5 spreading spine-like teeth, 
somewhat shorter than the pedicels and peduncles, only one bearing an oblong callosity `: 
achenes ovoid, 2 mm. long, pointed, the angles slightly margined. 
In waste places, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to Oregon, Florida and Texas, Naturalized from 
Europe. Alsoa native of Asia. Summer. 
. 16. Rumex persicarioides L. Annual, pubescent, pale green. Stem 3-9 dm. long, 
simple, erect, or diffusely branched, spreading and creeping, leafy : leaf-blades lanceolate, 
oblong, 2.5-30 em. long; usually abruptly narrowed at the base, acute at the apex, undu- 
late, more or less crisped : panicle simple or compound, open, or dense at maturity, the 
branches erect, leafy-bracted, the very dense whorls mostly separated : pedicels slender, 
abruptly enlarged at the calyx, much longer than the peduncles: sepal-wings oblong, 2 
mm. long, as long as the pedicels or slightly shorter, with 1-3 awn-like bristles on each 
side, each bearing an ovoid callosity : achenes oblong-ovoid, 1-2 mm. long, pointed, 
the angles slightly margined. 
Cali On sandy shores, New Brunswick to British Columbia, North Carolina, Kansas, New Mexico and 
alifornia. Summer and fall. 
17. Rumex bucephalóphorus L. Annual, glabrous, glaucescent. Stems usually 
branched at the base, the branches spreading, 1-2 dm. long, often conspicuously jointed : 
leaf-blades spatulate or oblanceolate, the upper ones sometimes lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, 
acute or obtuse, entire, petioled : panicle terminal, simple, 1 dm. long, or shorter, con- 
tinuous, or at length interrupted: flowers several in a whorl: pedicels gradually di- 
