372 POLYGONACEAE 
lated toward the calyx where the edges are revolute, longer than the peduncles, some- 
what scurfy : sepal-wings ovate, 1-2 mm. long, reticulate with several transverse nerves, 
armed with several spreading spine-like teeth, each bearing a minute callosity : outer 
sepals reflexed or spreading, nearly as large as the wings: achenes oblong-ovoid, 1-3 mm. 
long, the angles slightly margined. 
In waste places, Louisiana. Adventive from Europe. 
3. POLYGONÉLLA Michx. 
Rigid caulescent shrubby herbs. Stems erect or nearly so, conspicuously jointed, 
striate, the branches partially adnate to the internodes. Leaves alternate : blades narrow, 
or cuneate, rather leathery, jointed near the top of the ocreae. Ocreae cylindric. Flowers 
polygamo-dioecious, on solitary jointed pedicels. Ocreolae imbricated. Sepals 5, petaloid, 
usually white or rose, persistent, the 3 inner usually developing wings. Stamens 8: fila- 
ments subulate. Ovary 3-angled: styles short: stigmas capitate. Ovule erect. Achenes 
3-angled, invested by the accrescent calyx. Embryo nearly straight, axile. JOINTWEED. 
Ocreae fringed with a few bristle-like cilia. 1. P. ciliata. 
Ocreae naked. 
Leaf-blades 1-5 mm. broad: sepals 1-2 mm. long. 
Achenes rhomboidal: leaves filiform-spatulate. 
Achenes ovoid or oblong-ovoid: leaves with cuneate or spatulate blades. 
2. P. brachystachya. 
Stems branched above: outer sepals not reflexed. 3. P. gracilis. 
4 
5 
Stems diffusely branched at the base: outer sepals reflexed. . P. polygama. 
Leaf-blades 5-25 mm. broad : sepals 2.5-3.5 mm. long. . P. macrophylla. 
1. Polygonella ciliata Meisn. Annual, very slender, bright green. Stems erect, 
6-9 dm. tall, branched throughout, the branches wiry, ascending: leaf-blades filiform, 
2-4 cm. long, often less than 1 mm. wide, acute : ocreae nerved, slightly oblique, fringed 
with bristle-like yellowish cilia: racemes few, mostly terminal, 2-3 cm. long: ocreolae 
funnelform, each prolonged into a sharp tip at the back: calyx nearly 3 mm. broad, 
white or rose: sepals oblong, obtuse. 
In sandy soil, near the Manatee River, Florida. Summer and fall. 
2. Polygonella brachystachya Meisn. Perennial, very slender. Stems branched, 
2-6 dm. tall, the branches wiry, erect or ascending, nearly strict, the branchlets short : leaf- 
blades filiform-spatulate, 5-13 mm. long, narrowed from the obtuse apex to the base: 
ocreae slightly oblique, nerved : racemes very short, about 1 cm. long, disposed in 
elongated panicles : ocreolae obliquely funnelform, bluntly pointed at the back : pedicels 
as long as the peduncles: calyx about 2 mm. broad : sepals oblong, truncate or rounded at 
theapex : sepal-wings orbicular-ovate, 2 mm. long : achenes rhomboidal, nearly 2 mm. long, 
brown, equally pointed at both ends. 
In sand or sandy soil, peninsular Florida. Summer. 
3. Polygonella grácilis (Nutt.) Meisn. Annual, very slender, glaucescent. Stems 
erect, 3-16 dm. tall, strict, branched, especially above, the branches usually filiform : leaf- 
blades spatulate, 1-4 cm. long, obtuse, sometimes prominently 3-nerved, remote, commonly 
shorter than the internodes, sometimes persistent : ocreae very slightly oblique, strongly 
nerved : racemes slender, 2-8 cm. long, disposed in an open panicle on the sterile plant, 
more contracted on the fertile: ocreolae funnelform, slightly oblique: pedicels much 
shorter than the peduncles: calyx 2.5 mm. broad, white or pink: sepals nearly equal, 
oblong or oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex, all slightly accrescent, the inner ones 
more so than the outer: sepal-wings not conspicuous, ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long: achenes 
oblong or oblong-ovoid, long-attenuate, 3.5 mm. long, brown. 
On sand hills, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Fall. 
4. Polygonella polygama (Vent.) A. Gray. Perennial by a woody base, slender, 
glaucescent. Stems diffusely branched near the base, the branches spreading, 3-6 dm. long, 
wiry, more or less zigzag : leaf-blades wedge-shaped or spatulate, 1-3 cm. long, persistent, 
commonly longer than the internodes, clustered on the sterile branchlets, remote toward the 
ends of the branches, 3-nerved at the base : ocreae cylindric, oblique at the top: racemes 
2-4 cm. long, disposed in elongated or corymbose panicles : ocreolae obliquely funnelform, 
bluntly pointed at the back : pedicels as long as the peduncles : calyx 3-4 mm. broad, white, 
rose or yellowish : sepals oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, the 3 inner developing wings: 
sepal-wings ovate or orbicular-ovate, 2 mm. long: achenes ovoid, brown, 1.5 mm. long, 
pointed at both ends but less so at the base. 
In dry sandy soil near the coast, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 
5. Polygonella macrophylla Small. Perennial,stout, glaucous. Stems erect, 8 dm. 
tall, simple below, branched above: leaf-blades obovate or oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. long or 
