382 POLYGONACEAE 
3.5 mm. long, broadly obovoid or oblong-obovoid, short-tipped, black, granular.  [Poly- 
gonum Convolvulus L. | 
Common throughout North! America, except the extreme north. Naturalized from Europe. BLACK 
BINDWEED. 
2. Tiniaria cilinódis ( Michx.) Small. Annual or perennial, sparingly pubescent, of 
a reddish or reddish green tint. Stem prostrate or extensively twining, 6-25 dm. long: 
leaf-blades broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, cordate or 
subcordate, sometimes inclined to be hastate, petioled, somewhat crisped, minutely ciliate, 
often prominently nerved on the lower surface: ocreae very oblique, 3-4 mm. long, 
acutish, fringed with reflexed bristles at the base: racemes 1-10 cm. long, loosely 
flowered, interrupted : calyx white, 3-4 mm. long: sepals 5, oblong or obovate, obtuse, 
the three outer ones keeled : stamens 6 or 8 : achenes 3-angled, 3 mm. long, broadly oblong 
or often nearly ovoid, black, very smooth and shining. [Polygonum cilinode Michx. ] 
In rocky places, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to the Rocky Mountains, south to the Great 
Lake Region ; also in and near the Allegheny Mountains. E 
3. Tiniaria dumetórum (L.) Opiz. Perennial, bright green, somewhat scurfy. 
Stem weak, extensively twining, 6-40 dm. long, much branched : leaf-blades ovate-cordate, 
2-7 cm. long, acuminate, petioled or nearly sessile toward the ends of the branches : ocreae 
oblique, 3-4 mm. long, acute or obtusish, glabrous: racemes 3-8 cm. long, usually numer- 
ous, loose, interrupted, bearing a few small leaf-like bracts: calyx yellowish green, at 
length 5 mm. long : sepals obtuse, the three outer ones keeled and in fruit much enlarged 
and conspicuously winged: stamens 8: achenes 3-angled, 2-3 mm. long, oblong, inclined 
to be pointed at both ends, black, smooth and shining. [Polygonum dumetorum L. ] 
In thickets, Missouri, Illinois and Tennessee. Alsoin Europe. FALSE BUCKWHEAT. 
. *. Tiniaria scándens (L.) Small. Perennial, more or lessscurfy. Stem extensively 
twining, 1-10 m. long, often copiously branched, roughened on the ridges : leaf-blades 
ovate or oblong-ovate, 4-12 cm. long, cordate, acuminate, sparingly scabrous or eroded on 
the margins, papillose : ocreae oblique, 2-4 mm. long, acute, rough on the ridges : racemes 
3-24 cm. long, interrupted, bearing many large bracts: calyx greenish yellow, at length 
1 cm. long : sepals obtuse, the three outer ones keeled and conspicuously winged in fruit : 
stamens 8 : achenes 3-angled, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, oblong, often enlarged about the middle, 
rather blunt at both ends, black, smooth and shining. [Polygonum scandens L. ] 
In thickets, Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains, Florida and Louisiana. HEDGE BUCKWHEAT. 
6. Tiniaria cristata (Engelm. & Gray) Small. Perennial, slender, very scurfy. 
Stem twining, 5-20 dm. long, more or less branched, somewhat twisted : leaf-blades ovate, 
triangular-ovate or triangular, 1-6 cm. long, varying from cordate to truncate, acute or 
acuminate, obscurely eroded, short-petioled : ocreae 2-4 mm. long, hardly oblique : racemes 
axillary, 2-4 cm. long, loosely flowered, naked, interrupted : calyx greenish white, 4-5 mm. 
long, the three outer sepals keeled and winged in fruit, the wings more or less incised : 
stamens 8 : achenes 3-angled, 2.5-3 mm. long, oblong, black, smooth and shining. [ Poly- 
gonum cristatum Engelm. & Gray. ] 
In thickets or woods, New York to Georgia and Texas. 
12. BRUNNICHIA Banks. 
Perennial vines. Stems much elongated, climbing by tendrils arising from the ends of 
the branches. Leaves alternate: blades entire, truncate or cordate at the base: ocreae 
obsolete. Flowers perfect, 2-5 in clusters subtended by narrow bracts, disposed in terminal 
panicled racemes. Pedicels slender, jointed near the base. Hypanthium much enlarged 
and leathery in fruit, winged on one side near the base and along the pedicel-like base, in- 
vesting the achene. Sepals 5, spreading or converging when dry. Stamens 7-10, usually 8: 
filaments filiform, slender, much dilated at the junction with the sepals. Ovary imperfectly 
3-celled, 3-angled: styles 3: stigmas 2-cleft at the apex. Ovule pendulous. Achene 
3-angled, smooth. Seed irregularly 6-grooved. Embryo in one of theangles. 
1. Brunnichia cirrhdsa Banks. A slender shrub, climbing over bushes and trees by 
means of terminal tendrils. Stems 2-8 m. long, woody and tough: leaf-blades ovate or 
ovate-lanceolate, 3-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, truncate or subcordate at 
the base, petioled, slightly pubescent beneath: ocreae obsolete, sometimes represented by 
a ring of short hairs : racemes 3-15 cm. long, naked or nearly so: hypanthium campanu- 
late, 6-8 mm. long, greenish, winged along the base and pedicel-like base : sepals 5, spread- 
ing or recurved, but converging at maturity when dry : stamens exserted : achenes oblong- 
