428 CERATOPHYLLACEAE 
the calyx-lobes, broadened upward, unappendaged. Stamens 10. Ovary 1-celled : styles 
5, alternating with the calyx-lobes. Capsule 1-celled, opening by tooth-like valves. 
Seeds black, the embryo curved. 
1. Agrostemma Githago L. Foliage pubescent with long appressed hairs. Stems 
erect, 2-9 dm. tall, branched, the branches erect or ascending: leaf-blades linear, 4-12 
em. long, acute, sessile: pedicels 0.5-2.5 dm. long: calyx pubescent like the stem; tube 
cylindric, 1.5-2 em. long, 10-ribbed ; lobes linear, longer than the tube, acute : petals with 
obovate blades 2 cm. long, rounded or notched at the apex, purple or magenta, paler at 
the base, indistinctly nerved, shorter than the calyx-lobes: seeds angular, 2 mm. in 
diameter, spiny-tuberculate all over. 
In fields, common in or about grain fields throughout North America. Naturalized from Europe. 
Summer. CORN COCKLE. CORN ROSE. 
Order 11. RANALES. 
Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves normal, often of 2 forms on aquatic plants: 
blades simple or sometimes compound. Flowers perfect, monoecious or dioe- 
cious, variously disposed. Calyx and corolla of distinct and separate members. 
Androecium of usually hypogynous stamens, which are mostly more numerous 
than the sepals. Gynoecium of 1 or several, distinct or rarely more or less united, 
carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit various. 
Stamens usually numerous, the anther-saes opening by slits. 
Land plants, except in CERATOPHYLLACEAE and some RANUNCULACEAE: leaf-blades not peltate. 
Flowers perfect or monoecious, if dioecious on neither vines nor herbs with simple leaves. 
Plants with minute axillary monoecious flowers: anthers with 
horn-like appendages. Fam. 1. CERATOPHYLCLAEAE. 
Plants with perfect or rarely dioecious flowers: anthers not 
with horn-like appendages. 
Carpels 1 or more, distinct, at least at maturity. 
Sepals 3-15: petals about as many: plants if shrubby not 
with pulpy fruit: endosperm even. Fam. 2. RANUNCULACEAE. 
Sepals 5: petals 6: fruit pulpy: endosperm channeled. Fam. 3. ANONACEAE. 
Carpels more or less coherent or united into cone-like struc- 
tures, or immersed in the pulpy receptacle. 
Sepals valvate. Fam. 3. ANONACEAE. 
Sepals imbrieated. Fam. 4. MAGNOLIACEAE. 
Flowers dioecious : vines with simple leaves. Fam. 5. MENISPERMACEAE. 
Water plants: emersed or floating leaves with peltate blades. 
Carpels several and distinct. 
Carpels not in a fleshy receptacle: sepals and petals 30r 4 each: 
stamens 3-18. Fam. 6. CABOMBACEAE. 
Carpels immersed in a fleshy receptacle: sepals and petals nu- 
merous : stamens indefinite. Fam. 7. NELUMBONACEAE. 
Carpels united into a compound. pistil. Fam. 8. NYMPHAEACEAE. 
Stamens few and definite, the anther-sacs opening by hinged valves, 
except in Podophyllum. Fam. 9. PODOPHYLLACEAE. 
FAMILY 1. CERATOPHYLLACEAE A. Gray. HonNwoRT FAMILY. 
Aquatic perennial herbs, with submersed jointed branching stems. Leaves 
whorled: blades 2-cleft or finely dissected, the filiform segments forking. 
Flowers monoecious, inconspicuous, axillary, sessile. Calyx herbaceous. Sepals 
6-12, narrow, rather valvate, toothed or cleft at the apex. Staminate flowers 
with 10-24 stamens crowded on a flat or convex receptacle: filaments very short : 
anthers opening by longitudinal cracks, the connective produced into an often 
2-3-toothed fleshy appendage.  Pistillate flowers without staminodia. Ovary 
1-celled, sessile: style cylindric. Ovule solitary, anatropous, pendulous. Fruit 
nut-like, somewhat flattened, 1-celled, naked : pericarp leathery or crustaceous. 
Seed pendulous, with a membranous testa. Endosperm wanting. Embryo 
straight. 
CERATOPHYLLUM L. 
Characters of the family. The plants flower mainly in the summer. 
Achenes unarmed. 1. C. submersum. 
Achenes armed on the edges with spines. 
Leaves 6-9 in a whorl; segments spiny-toothed : achenes with a spine on either side of ue parE n 
9. C. demersum. 
Leaves 9-12 in a whorl; segments bristly-toothed : achenes fringed with spines. 3. C. echinatum. 
