RANUNCULACEAE 435 
2. Aconitum reclinatum A. Gray. Stems trailing, 0.5-2.5 m. long: leaf-blades 
:3-7-cleft, all but the upper petioled, thin, the lower 15-20 cm. broad, mainly obovate, 
acute, toothed and cleft toward the apex: panicle or raceme loose, pubescent: flowers 
white or yellowish, 16-20 mm. long: hood horizontal or nearly so, elongated-conic, with 
a straight short beak : follicles 10 mm. long, each with a slender divergent beak. 
In woods, Cheat Mountain, Virginia, and along the Alleghenies to Georgia. Summer. TRAILING 
WOLFBANE. i 
12. HEPÁTICA Scop. 
Perennial scapose herbs, with short often tufted rootstocks. Leaves basal: blades 
long-petioled, thick, 3-lobed, evergreen. Flowers white or purple, solitary on slender 
scapes. Involucre of 3 small sessile bracts close under the flower, simulating a calyx. 
Sepals membranous, petal-like. Petals wanting. Stamens all anther-bearing. Achenes 
short-beaked, pubescent. 
Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involucres obtuse. 1. H. Hepatica. 
Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involucres acute. 2. H. acuta. 
1. Hepatica Hepática (L.) Karst. Roots fibrous. Leaves basal; blades long- 
etioled, reniform, 5-8 em. broad when mature, spreading on the ground, 3-lobed, the 
obes sometimes toothed or again lobed, obtuse : scapes 1-1.5 dm. long, villous: involucre 
of 3 sessile obtuse oblong bracts immediately under the flower : calyx blue, purple or white, 
12-20 mm. broad : sepals oval or oblong, obtuse, longer than the stamens : achenes several, 
4-5 mm. long, oblong, acute, hairy. [H. triloba Chaix.] 
In woods, often in large tufts, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, northern Florida and Missouri. Also in 
Europe and Asia. Winter to spring. HEPATICA. LIVER-LEAF. 
2. Hepatica acüta (Pursh) Britton. Plant closely resembling the preceding species 
but often larger; differing in that the lobes of the leaf-blades and the bracts of the invo- 
lucres are acute or acutish. [H. acutiloba DC.] 
In woods, Quebec to Minnesota and in the Alleghenies to Georgia, but rare or absent near the 
Atlantic coast. Spring. HEPATICA. LIVER-LEAF. 
13. ANEMONE L. 
Perennial herbs, with horizontal rootstocks and erect scapes. Leaves basal: blades 
lobed, divided or dissected, petioled. Bracts similar to leaves, forming an involucre re- 
mote from the flower. Sepals 4-20, petal-like. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, 
shorter than the sepals. Carpels several or numerous. Achenes compressed, 1-seeded. 
Achenes densely long-woolly. 
pes simple, 1-flowered. 
Involuere mostly above the middle of the scape: tips of the achenes not pro- 
ecting beyond the wool. 1. A. decapetala. 
Involuere mostly below the middle of the scape: tips of the achenes project- 
ing beyond the wool. 2. A. Caroliniana. 
Scapes mostly branched, several-flowered. 
Sepals greenish : head of fruit mostly over 1 em. thick: achenes with spread- 
ing styles. 3. A. Virginiana. 
Sepals clear white: head of fruit mostly less than 1 em. thick: achenes with 
ms appressed or ascending styles. 4. A. riparia. 
c De glabrate or finely pubescent, never woolly. 
ivisions of the involucral bracts lobed or incised, membranous. 5. A. quinquefolia. 
Divisions of the involucral bracts merely toothed, leathery at maturity. 6. A. trifolia. 
1. Anemone decapétala Ard. Foliage finely pubescent. Root tuberous, oblong : 
leaves few ; blades 3-divided, the segments ovate or ovate-oblong, crenate or crenate-cleft : 
Scape erect, 1-3 dm. tall, simple: bracts of the involucre very different from the leaf- 
blades, mostly above the middle of the scape, nearly sessile, once or twice palmately cleft, 
the segments linear, mostly entire : sepals 10-20, pink or greenish white: head of fruit 
cylindric, 2-3.5 em. long : achenes completely buried in the wool. 
Pe. y and prairies, Alabama, Arkansas, Texas and the Great Plains, south through Mexico to 
ca. Alsoin South America. Spring and summer. 
2. Anemone Caroliniana Walt. Foliage sparsely hairy. Leaves slender-petioled ; 
blades 3-divided, the divisions variously lobed and parted : scapes 1-2.5 dm. high, arising 
from a tuber, 6-8 mm. in diameter: bracts óf the involucre sessile ; blades cleft : flower 
erect, 18-36 mm. broad: sepals 6-20, linear-oblong, purple, varying to white: head of 
fruit oblong : achenes densely woolly but the tips projecting. 
On open plains, Illinois to Wisconsin, Nebraska, Georgia and Texas. Spring. 
b 3. Anemone Virginiàna L. Foliage hairy. Leaves with long petioles; blades 
roader than long, 3-parted, the divisions broadly cuneate-oblong, variously cleft and 
