450 MAGNOLIACEAE 
Androecium of numerous stamens or rarely of only 5. Filaments filiform or short 
and much flattened. Anthers introrse or extrorse, adnate. Gynoecium of 
usually numerous carpels in a whorl, or imbricated on an elongated receptacle, 
Ovaries 1-celled, narrowed into short, often recurved styles stigmatic on the 
inner side. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit 
a whorl or head of accrescent carpels, which become berries or follicles. Seeds 
1-2, with a leathery or crustaceous testa, or an inner crustaceous and outer fleshy 
testa, sometimes drupe-like and pendulous on slender threads. Endosperm fleshy, 
oily, homogeneous. Embryo minute at one end of the endosperm. ` 
Leaves not lobed, sometimes merely auricled at the base: mature carpels dehiscent or berries. 
Carpels in a whorl. 1. ILLICIUM. , 
Carpels imbricated in several series. 
Twining shrubs with monoecious flowers: stamens 5, united into a disk: 
fruit a spike of berries. 2. SCHIZANDRA. 
Erect shrubs or trees with perfect flowers : stamens numerous, distinct: fruit 
a head of imbricated carpels. 
Corolla greenish or yellow: styles or stigmas filiform, deciduous : follicles 
rounded. 3. TULIPASTRUM. 
Corolla white : styles or stigmas stout, persistent: follicles tipped by the 
styles or stigmas. 4. MAGNOLIA. 
Leaves 4-lobed : mature carpels samara-like, indehiscent. 5. LIRIODENDRON. 
1. ILLICIUM L. 
Glabrous aromatic evergreen shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, often crowded, 
without stipules: blades leathery, entire, minutely punctate. Flowers perfect, solitary on 
axillary peduncles. Sepals 3-6, petaloid, membranous, imbricated in 2 series, deciduous. 
Petals numerous, arranged in 3-several series, the inner ones gradually narrower, deciduous. 
Stamens numerous in several series. Carpels numerous (6-18), distinct, sessile, flattened, 
inserted in a whorl on a conic receptacle. Style recurved. Ovule solitary, ascending. 
Fruit a whorl of hard crustaceous drupe-like follicles at length dehiscing. Seed solitary, 
with a smooth shining testa ANISE TREE. STAR ANISE. 
Corolla 2 em. broad ; petals 6-12: leaf-blades obtuse. 1. I. parviflorum. 
Corolla 2.5-3 cm. broad: petals 20-30: leaf-blades acuminate. 2. I. Floridanum. 
1. Illicium parvifldrum Michx. An erect glabrous shrub, 1-2 m. tall. Leaf-blades 
leathery, elliptic or oblong, 6-10 cm. long, obtuse at both ends, more or less revolute, 
lustrous above, paler and dull beneath ; petioles 1-1.5 em. long: peduncles 1-3 cm. long: 
sepals suborbicular, nearly 10 mm. in diameter: corolla yellow, 2 cm. broad : petals 6-12, 
ior or suborbicular, about as large as the sepals, obtuse : stamens usually as many as the 
petais. 
Along the coast, Georgia and Florida. Spring. 
2. Illicium Floridanum Ellis. A glabrous shrub, 2-3 m. tall. Leaf-blades leathery, 
slightly fleshy, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 6-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, 
deep green above, paler beneath ; petioles 1-2 cm. long: peduncles 2-5 cm. long : sepals 
ovate or oblong, over 1 cm. long, obtuse, membranous: corolla 3-5 cm. broad, purple, 
nodding : petals 20-30, linear or nearly so, 1.5-2 cm. long, acute, spreading : filaments en- 
larged upward, larger than the anthers: fruit 2.5-3 cm. broad : carpels ovate, 1-1.5 cm. 
long, acuminate : seeds oval, 5-6 mm. long, shining. 
In swamps, Florida to Louisiana. Spring. 
2. SCHIZANDRA Michx. 
Glabrous or glabrate vines. Leaves deciduous, alternate, without stipules : blades 
membranous, entire or toothed, long-petioled, punctate. Flowers monoecious, white, yel- 
low, or crimson, solitary on axillary peduncles. Sepals5 or6, imbricated in 2 series, petal- 
oid, with scarious edges, the outer smaller, deciduous. Petals 5 or 6 imbricated in 1-2 series, 
thickened at the narrowed base, deciduous. Stamens 5: filaments very short, flat, united 
into a broad disk : anthers rather introrse: sacs widely separated. Carpels distinct, 1m- 
bricated in several series on an elongated receptacle. Style very short. Ovules 2 in each 
cavity, pendulous. Fruit a spike of berries on a much elongated receptacle. Seeds 2 in 
berry, reniform, with a crustaceous testa. BAy-sTAR VINE. 
