452 MAGNOLIACEAE 
Leaf-blades auricled at the base. 
Fruit oblong-conic : carpels with long curved beaks: leaf-blades pale green beneath. 
Leaves elongated-obovate, gradually acute: stamens 9-13 mm. long. 4. M. Fraseri. 
Leaves rhombic-obovate, abruptly acute: stamens 4-6 mm. long. 5. M. pyramidata. 
Fruit subglobose : carpels obtuse or acutish : leaf-blades very glaucous beneath. 6. M. macrophylla. 
1. Magnolia foétida (L.) Sarg. A stately tree, reaching a maximum height of 20 
m., with a trunk diameter of 2.5 m., its twigs, petioles and buds red-tomentose. Leaves 
evergreen, firm and leathery; blades elliptic, oval or oblanceolate, or rarely ovate, 1-3 
dm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous and usually shining above (except the midrib), finely 
tomentose with brown or rusty hairs beneath, acute or rounded at the base; petioles stout, 
1-3.5 em. long: flowers creamy-white, broadly campanulate, lemon-scented, 1-2 dm. 
broad: petals with suborbicular or orbicular-obovate blades 5-10 cm. in diameter, emargi- 
nate or notched at the apex, contracted into broad claws: fruit oval, 8-12 cm. long: seeds 
obovoid or triangular-obovoid, 1.5-2 em. long, more or less flattened. 
In hammocks and river swamps, North Carolina to Florida, Texas and Arkansas. Spring and 
summer. LAUREL. BULL Bay. 
2. Magnolia Virginiana L. A shrub or slender tree, 2-2.5 m. tall, the trunk rarely 
1 m. in diameter, the bark pale, smoothish. Leavesevergreen and firm ; blades oblong, ellip- 
tic or oval, sometimes broadest a little above or below the middle, 5-15 cm. long, acute or 
obtuse at the apex, undulate, acute or rounded at the base, not auricled, glabrous and deep 
green above, glaucous and more or less pubescent beneath ; petioles 1-2 em. long: flowers 
globose-campanulate, white, fragrant, 3-8 cm. broad: sepals oblong or obovate, 1.5-3.5 
em. long, rounded at the apex: petals elliptic, oblong, oval or obovate, longer than the 
sepals, rounded or obtuse at the apex, more or less distinctly clawed : fruit oval or ovoid, 
3-5 cm. long, glabrous, dark red, the carpels acute : seeds flattened, obovoid, oval or subor- 
bicular, 8-10 mm. long. [Magnolia glauca L. ] 
In swamps, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas, and locally inland. Spring and early summer. 
SWEET Bay. 
3. Magnolia tripétala L. A small tree, reaching a maximum height of 14 m. and a 
trunk diameter of about 4 dm., the bark pale. Leaf-blades elliptic-oblanceolate or obovate- 
lanceolate, acute or apiculate at the apex, 2-7 dm. long, undulate, gradually narrowed to 
the base, not auricled, glabrous above, more or less densely tomentose beneath ; petioles 
stout, 2-4 cm. long: flowers creamy-white, unpleasantly scented : sepals oblong-oblanceo- 
late 10-15 cm. long, bright green, finally reflexed : petals 6-9, slightly longer than the 
sepals, erect or spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, concave, obtuse: fruit oblong, 8-12 cm. 
long, rose-color, the carpels prolonged into slender somewhat curved beaks : seeds obovoid, 
barely 1 em. long. 
In woods, Pennsylvania to Georgia, Alabama and Arkansas. Spring. UMBRELLA-TREE. 
4. Magnolia Fràseri Walt. A slender tree, 5-15 m. tall, with a maximum trunk 
diameter of 0.5 m., the trunk erect or ascending. Leaf-blades membranous, elongated- 
obovate to obovate-spatulate, 2-4 dm. long, acute or obtuse, sometimes slightly fan-shaped 
above the middle, undulate, auricled at the base, dark green above, pale or slightly glaucous 
beneath, glabrous; petioles 4-7 cm. long: flowers white or creamy : sepals spreading or 
recurved, 4 as long as the petals, rounded at the apex: petals elliptic or narrowly ovate, 
5-12 cm. long, mostly obtuse, clawed : fruit oblong-conic, 7-12 cm. long, rose-color when 
mature : seeds elliptic or oval, nearly 1 em. long, the carpels yellow within, the long slender 
beak incurved. 
Chiefly in the mountains, Virginia to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 
5. Magnolia pyramidàta Pursh. A small tree 4-10 m. tall, with a trunk diameter 
of about 1-2 dm. Leaf-blades membranous, 1-2 dm. long, rhombic-obovate, ver abruptly 
acute at the apex, constricted near the base and dilated into diverging auricles, dk green 
above, pale or slightly glaucous beneath, glabrous; petioles 3 5 em. long : flowers white 
or creamy : sepals spreading or recurved : petals lanceolate, mostly acute, 5-8 cm. long, 
clawed : fruit oblong, 6-8 cm. long, rose-red at maturity, the carpels yellow within, the 
beak incurved. 
In woods and on banks of streams, mostly in damp soil, Chattahoochie basin of Georgia, Alabama 
and Florida. Spring. 
6. Magnolia macrophylla Michx. A small tree, sometimes 15 m. tall, with a maxi- 
mum trunk diameter of about 5 dm., the bark pale. Leaf-blades obovate or oblong-oblanceo- 
late, more or less rhombic, 3-9 dm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, undulate, narrowe 
to the auricled base, deep green and glabrous above, glaucous beneath ; petioles stout, 5- 15 
em. long, prolonged into the very prominent midrib : flowers creamy-white, fragrant, 2-3 
dm. broad: sepals oblong or broadened upward, 10-15 cm. long, rounded at the apex: 
