MENISPERMACEAE 453 
petals fully twice as long as the sepals, obtuse: fruit subglobose, 6-10 cm. long, rose-col- 
ored, the carpels obtuse or acutish : seeds flattened, obovoid, about 1 cm. long. 
In woods, Kentucky to Florida, Louisiana and Arkansas. Spring. 
5. LIRIODENDRON L. 
An elegant and stately tree, with spreading and drooping branches. Leaves alternate : 
blades leathery-membranous, deciduous, 4-lobed and notched at the apex, slender-petioled, 
the large stipules deciduous. Flowers perfect, greenish yellow, solitary at the ends of 
branches. Sepals 3, petioled, imbricated, reflexed. Petals 6, imbricated in 2 series, nearly 
erect. Stamens numerous, imbricated in several series, slightly shorter than the petals : 
filaments slender : anthers linear, extrorse, adnate to the outside of the filaments. Carpels 
numerous, closely imbricated on the slender receptacle forming a conic-fusiform spike. Ova- 
ries 1-celled, prolonged into a winged style with a small recurved stigma at the end. 
Ovules 2 in each cavity, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit a cone formed of the accrescent 
indehiscent carpels. Seeds 1-2 in each carpel, with a thin leathery testa. TULIP-TREE. 
WHITE POPLAR. 
2. Liriodendron Tulipífera L. A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 60 m. 
with a trunk diameter of 3 m. Bark broken into large flat ridges : leaf-blades orbicular 
or depressed-orbicular in outline, 6-20 cm. in diameter, dark green above, paler beneath, 
truncate or notched at the apex, truncate or subcordate at the base, 4-lobed, the lobes 
entire or toothed ; petioles 5-10 cm. long : flowers campanulate, 5-7 cm. broad : sepals ob- 
long or oblong-obovate, 4-5 cm. long, rounded at the apex : petals oblong, oval or subor- 
bicular, somewhat longer than the sepals, greenish yellow, often tinged with orange, nar- 
rowed into broad claws: fruit conic, 5-7 cm. long, 'erect, persistent: mature carpels 
indehiscent, samara-like, 3-4 cm. long. 
In woods and swamps, Vermont to Rhode Island, Michigan, Missouri, Florida, Mississippi and Ar- 
kansas. Spring. 
FAMILY 5. MENISPERMACEAE DC. MooNsEED FAMILY. 
_ Twining or trailing vines, either wholly or partly woody, with a watery 
bitter sap. Leaves alternate, without stipules: blades entire or palmately 
lobed, sometimes peltate. Flowers dioecious, or polygamous, in racemes, pani- 
cles or cymes. Calyx of 6 sepals, or these fewer or more. Corolla of 6 or more 
petals, or rarely wanting. Androecium of 6-12 stamens or rarely of many. Fil- 
aments distinct. Anthers 2-4-celled, opening lengthwise. Gynoecium of 3-6 
distinct carpels or rarely more. Ovules solitary, amphitropous. Fruit berry- 
like drupes. Seeds with crescent-like or annular embryos. Endosperm scant. 
Petals none : anthers 2-celled : stigma apical at maturity. 1. CALYCOCARPUM. 
Petals present : anthers mostly 4-celled : stigma bent around to the base of the fruit. 
Staminate flowers with 6 stamens: drupe red or purple. 2. CEBATHA. 
Staminate flowers with 12-24 stamens : drupe black. 3. MENISPERMUM. 
1. CALYOCARPUM Nutt. 
Perennial vines, with twining stems. Leaves alternate: blades palmately 3-5-lobed. 
Flowers dioecious, not showy, in slender raceme-like axillary panicles. Sepals 6, in 2 
unequal series. Petals wanting. Stamens 12, imperfect in the pistillate flowers : filaments 
distinct. Carpels 3, erect. Ovary 1-celled, sessile: stigma radially cleft. Ovule soli- 
tary in each cavity. Drupes barely elongated, the flesh thin over a smooth laterally bowl- 
shaped stone. Embryo curved, with flat cotyledons. CUP-SEED. 
1. Calycocarpum Lyónii (Pursh) Nutt. A high climbing vine, with twining stems. 
Leaf-blades membranous, suborbicular in outline, 6-20 em. long, palmately 3-7-lobed, 
truncate to cordate at the base, the lobes acuminate ; petioles as long as the blades or longer : 
flowers inconspicuous ; staminate in elongated panicles ; pistillate in shorter panicles: 
sepals 6, oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long, obtuse : petals wanting : stamens shorter than the sepals : 
pe je subglobose or oval, about 2.5 em. long, black, the stone toothed along the edge of the 
Along streams and in rich woods, Illinois to Kansas, Florida and Louisiana. Spring. 
