PODOPH YLLACEAE 459 
3. DIPHYLLEIA Michx. 
Large herbs, with stout horizontal rootstocks and glabrous foliage. Leaves few : blades 
peltate, suborbicular in outline, palmately lobed, all basal except the two near the top of 
the stem. Flowers white, in terminal umbel-like cymes. Sepals 6, petal-like, deciduous. 
Petals 6, somewhat larger than the sepals. Stamens 6: filaments distinct: anthers open- 
ing by two valves. Ovary 1-celled: stigma orbicular or nearly so or 2-lobed. Ovules 
numerous, in many rows. Berries oblique, pedicelled. Seeds 2-4, erect, curved. 
1. Diphylleia cymósa Michx. Foliage bright green. Stem stout, erect, 6-12 dm. 
tall, simple below: leaves few, the basal with long erect petioles and nearly centrally pel- 
tate, membranous, 2-cleft, many-lobed blades, the lobes acuminate, finely toothed ; cauline 
leaves similar but smaller, laterally peltate, shorter-petioled: cymes many-flowered : 
sepals 6, obovate, white, nearly 1 cm. long, undulate at the apex: petals 6, similar to the 
sepals but usually a little longer: berries subglobose, 10-12 cm. in diameter, blue, with a 
bloom, sessile. 
In and about mountain brooks, Virginia to Georgia. Spring. UMBRELLA-LEAF. 
4. CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. 
Caulescent herbs, with thick rootstocks. Leaves few: blades ternately compound, 
large, mostly basal, 2 usually near the top of the stem. Flowers perfect, greenish yellow 
in a terminal racemose cyme. Sepals 6, above 3-4 bractlets. Petals 6, gland-like, shorter 
than the sepals, hooded. Stamens 6: filaments distinct: anthers opening by 2 valves. 
Ovary l-celled: style short: stigma l-sided. Ovules 2, erect. Capsule rupturing and 
withering before maturity. Seed globose, drupe-like, naked, on a stout stalk. Endo- 
sperm horny. BLUE ConosH. 
1. Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Foliage glabrous, glaucous. Stem 
erect, 3-9 dm. tall, simple or branched above, sheathed at the base by several membranous 
scales : leaves usually 2, a large one at the first node of the stem and a smaller one sub- 
tending the panicle ; blades triternately compound, the divisions ternate, their segments 
pinnate or ternate, the leaflets of various shapes, 2-3-lobed at the apex, rounded or cordate 
at the base: panicle 4-10 cm. long, erect: flowers greenish or purplish : sepals 6, oval to 
suborbicular, short-clawed, 5-6 mm. long : petals gland-like : seeds drupe-like, about 1 cm. 
in diameter, dark blue, with more or less bloom, on short stalks 5-7 mm. long. 
In damp woods, New Brunswick to Minnesota, South Carolina, Tennessee and Nebraska. Spring. 
5. BERBERIS L. 
Unarmed or spiny shrubs, with a yellow wood. Leaves alternate, often clustered : blades 
firm or leathery, 1-foliolate or pinnate, more or less prominently spiny-toothed, often 
changed into forking spines. Flowers perfect, yellow, solitary or in peduncled racemes. 
Sepals 6, accompanied by 2 or 3 bractlets, broad, the outer ones much smaller than the peta- 
loid inner ones. Petals 6, commonly smaller than the sepals, imbricated in 2 rows, often 
with 2 glands near the base. Stamens 6, irritable: filaments distinct : anthers opening by 
2 valves. Ovary 1-celled, sessile: stigma peltate. Ovules few, erect or ascending. 
Berries pulpy, 1-few-seeded, rarely dry. Seeds with a crustaceous testa. BARBERRY. 
Leaf-blades unifoliolate, deciduous: racemes drooping : berries scarlet. 1. B. Canadensis. 
Leaf-blades pinnate, persistent: racemes erect: berries white. 2. B. Swazeyi. 
1. Berberis Canadénsis Mill. A glabrous spiny shrub, 0.5-2 m. tall, the branches 
angled. Leaves firm, clustered ; leaflet 1, the blade spatulate, oblong-spatulate, or rarel 
oval, 2-8 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate, spiny-serrate : racemes drooping, 6—10-flowered, 
2-6 em. long: flowers yellow, about 8-11 mm. broad: sepals oval, mostly 4-5 mm. 
long: petals 2-3 mm. long, notched at the apex, eroded, narrowed into stout claws, 
[D 2 en orange-colored glands near the base: berries oval or subglobose, 6-8 mm. 
ong, scarlet. 
On hillsides, in the mountains from Virginia to Georgia. Alsoin Missouri. Spring. 
. 2. Berberis Swazeyi Buckl. An evergreen shrub, 6-9 dm. tall with erect or spread- 
ing branches. Leaves pinnate, 0.5-1 dm. long, leaflets 7-9, the blades leathery, oval to 
oblong, 1-2 cm. long, with 5-11 spine-like teeth, finely reticulated : bracts foliaceous, but 
