462 FUMARIACEAE 
slender. Ovary with 4-6 nerviform placentae: stigma sessile, depressed, the lobes spread- 
ing or recurved. Ovules numerous. Capsule slightly elongated, opening at the top by 
4-6 valves. Seeds numerous, subglobose, pitted, not crested. Endosperm oily. Embryo 
minute, basal. PRICKLY Poppy. 
Inflorescence and capsules spineless. 1. A._leiocarpa. 
Inflorescence and capsules spine-armed. 
Corolla yellow: leaf-blades blotched. 2. A. Mexicana. 
Corolla white: leaf-blades not blotched or sometimes slightly so. 
Stems unarmed or spiny, but not hispid-pubescent. 
Horns of the sepals erect or nearly so, the terminal spine 1-1.5 mm. long: 
flowers manifestly pedicelled. 3. A. alba. 
Horns of the sepals diverging, the terminal spine 2-4 mm. long: flowers ses- 
sile or nearly so. 
Horns of the sepals smooth and glabrous. 
Plants tall: capsule-valves veiny all over. 4. A. intermedia. 
Plants low: capsule-valves not veiny, or slightly veiny near the edges. 5. A. delicatula. 
Horns of the sepals bristly. 6. A. platyceras. 
Stems hispid-pubescent as well as spine-armed. 7. A. hispida. 
1. Argemone leiocárpa Greene. Resembling A. Mexicana but more glaucous, devoid 
of spines except on the margins of the leaf-blades, which are rather more copiously spinescent : 
calyx unarmed : petals yellow, 3-4 em. long: capsules smooth and glabrous, 3-4 cm. long. 
In sand, southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. Spring to fall. 
2. Argemone Mexicana L. Foliage glaucous. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, more or less 
spiny: leaves 10-25 em. long; blades runcinate-pinnatifid, blotched, spiny-toothed and 
commonly spiny along the midrib, sessile and clasping : flowers sessile or nearly so: sepals 
acuminate and bristle-tipped : corolla yellow, 2.5-7 cm. broad: capsules oblong, 2.5-3 
em. long, spine-armed. 
In waste places, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida and Texas. Naturalized from tropical 
America. Spring to fall. MEXICAN Poppy. THORN APPLE. 
3. Argemone álba Lestib. Foliage pale or somewhat glaucous, spine-armed. Stems 
rather stout, 3-5 dm. tall, not pubescent : leaves 3-15 em. long; blades pinnately lobed or 
pinnatifid, sometimes whitish along the veins, the midrib slightly prickly : flowers pedi- 
celled : sepals 1.5-2 cm. long, the horns erect or nearly so, the terminal spine 1-1.5 mm. 
long, distinctly flattened : corolla white, 7-10 cm. broad : capsules oval or oblong, 2.5-4 
em. long. 
In dry or sandy soil, Missouri to Florida and Texas. Spring and summer. 
4. Argemone intermédia Sweet. Quite similar to A. alba. Stems more prickly, 
3-10 dm. tall: leaves 4-16 long ; blades pinnately toothed or pinnatifid : flowers sessile : 
sepals 2-2.5 cm. long, the horns diverging, the terminal spine 2-4 mm. long, scarcely flat- 
tened : corolla white, 6-9 em. broad : capsules cylindric or oblong cylindric, 3-4 cm. long. 
On plains, South Dakota to Idaho, Texas and Mexico. Spring and summer. 
5. Argemone delicátula Small. Foliageconspicuously spiny. Stems 1-3 dm. tall, 
sometimes sparingly branched : leaves 5-15 cm. long: leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, 
the spines of the lobes spreading in all directions: flowers short-pedicelled : sepals about 
2 cm. long, the smooth and glabrous horns diverging, the terminal spine 2-4 mm. long: 
corolla white, 6-9 cm. broad: capsules oblong-obovoid, 1.5-2 em. long. 
In dry soil, Texas. Spring. 
6. Argemone platyceras Link & Otto. Foliage usually conspicuously spiny : stems 
3-11 dm. tall, mostly branched, often almost completely covered with spines: leaves 4-14 
em. long ; blades pinnately lobed or pinnatifid : flowers sessile or nearly so : sepals 2-2.5 
long, spiny, the horns bristly at the base : corolla white, 6-9 cm. broad : capsules oblong 
or ovoid-oblong, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, completely covered with spines. 
On plains and prairies, Texas to California and Mexico. Spring and summer. 
7. Argemone híspida A. Gray. Foliage usually copiously spine-armed. Stems 3-8 
dm. tall, hispid-pubescent as well as spine-armed : leaves 5-9 cm. long, often numerous ; 
blades pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid : flowers short-pedicelled : sepals 2-3 cm. long, the horns 
triangular-lanceolate, more or less bristly and hispid: corolla white, 7-10 cm. broad : 
capsules oblong or oblong-conie, 2.5-3.5 cm. long. 
On plains or prairies, Kansas to California, Texas and New Mexico. Spring to fall. 
FAMILY 2. FUMARIACEAE DC. Fumirory FAMILY. 
Annual or perennial acaulescent or caulescent herbs with a watery Sap, 
sometimes with corms. Leaves alternate, often all basal: blades compound, 
usually rather finely dissected, very delicate. Flowers perfect, irregular, often 
