FUMARIACEAE 463 
in racemes, panicles or cymes. Calyx of 2 scale-like sepals. Corolla of 4 petals : 
outer (lateral) spreading above, both or one saccate or spurred at the base: 
inner smaller, thickened at the tips, enclosing the stigma. Androecium of 6 
stamens. Filaments diadelphous: anthers various, middle one 2-celled, lateral 
1-celled. Gynoecium of 2 carpels united into a single pistil. Ovary 1-celled, 
with 2 perietal placentae. Stigma flattened contrary to the placentae, 2-lobed 
or 2-horned. Ovules amphitropous or anatropous, numerous or rarely solitary. 
Fruit a silique-like capsule or rarely indehiscent. Seeds with a minute embryo 
in fleshy endosperm. 
Each of the 2 outer petals spurred at the base. 
Petals permanently united and enclosing the capsule: seeds crestless: vines. 1. ADLUMIA. 
Petals lightly united, deciduous : seeds mostly crested : acaulescent herbs. 2. BICUCULLA. 
One of the 2 outer petals spurred at the base. 
Ovules several or many : fruit an elongated capsule. 3. CAPNOIDES. 
Ovule solitary : fruit a glabrous nutlet. 4. FUMARIA. 
1. ADLUMIA Raf. 
Biennial or perennial tender climbing vines. Stems slender and elongated. Leaves 
alternate : blades decompound, very delicate. Flowers perfect, irregular, white or pink, 
in terminal racemes or panicles or these opposite the leaves. Sepals 2. Petals 4, perma- 
nently united into a tube and enclosing the fruit, the two outer swollen below. Stamens 
6, in 2 groups opposite the outer petals : filaments monadelphous below, diadelphous above. 
Ovary elongated : style filiform: stigma 2-lobed. Capsule in the remains of the corolla, 
opening by 2 valves. Seeds crestless. 
1. Adlumia fungósa (Ait.) Greene. A delicate vine climbing over various objects 
by the tendril-like petioles. Stem slender, several meters long: leaf-blades decompound, 
the primary divisions slender-stalked, the secondary divisions stouter-stalked, the ultimate 
segments very thin, entire or lobed : cymes many-flowered, often dense: pedicels filiform, 
0.5-1 em. long: sepals scale-like: corolla 15-18 mm. long, pink or whitish: petals 4, the 
2 outer with rounded bases and spreading or converging tips, the two inner with subor- 
bicular blades about 1.5 mm. broad: capsule slender, 1.5-2 cm. long, few-seeded. [A. 
cirrhosa Raf. ] 
In woods, New Brunswick to Michigan, Kansas and North Carolina. Summer and fall. ALLE- 
GHENY VINE. CLIMBING FUMITORY. 
2. BICUCULLA Adans. 
Perennial acaulescent herbs, with horizontal, granular or tuberous rootstocks. Leaves 
basal: blades long-petioled, ternately divided and many-cleft, their texture delicate. 
Scapes erect, simple, or branched above, naked. Flowers of various colors, perfect, irreg- 
ular, in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals 2, scale-like. Petals 4, the two outer spurred 
at the base, loosely united, deciduous, the tips often spreading, the 2 inner crested, 
clawed, their tips cohering. Stamens 6, in 2 groups opposite the outer petals : filaments 
more or less diadelphous at the base. Ovary with two placentae: style filiform : stigma 
2-4-lobed. Capsules elongated, opening by two valves. Seeds 10-20 in each capsule 
crested. — [ Diclytra Borck. Dicentra Bernh.] DUTCHMAN’S BREECHES. 
Racemes simple. 
Rootetocks with yellow tubers: spurs rounded : inner petals conspicuously crested. 1. B. Canadensis. 
ootstocks without tubers : spurs spreading: inner petals minutely crested. 2. B. Cucullaría. 
acemes compound. 3. B. eximia. 
1. Bicuculla Canadénsis (Goldie) Millsp. Rootstocks slender, bearing numerous 
pea-like tubers. Foliage bright green: leaves basal ; petioles 1-2 dm. long; blades ter- 
nately compound, the divisions delicately dissected, the ultimate segments linear or nearly 
So: scapes erect, 2-3 dm. long, usually overtopping the leaves, simple: racemes 2-7 cm. 
long, 2-10-flowered : pedicels 5-10 mm. long: corolla 1.5-2 cm. long, greenish white or 
purplish tinged : petals 4, the outer produced into rounded sacs, the bases of which are 
much shorter than the upper part, the apex hooded and recurved, the inner petals with 
claws as long as the blades, their crests crisped, conspicuous. 
In rich woods, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, North Carolina and Missouri. Spring. SQUIRREL CORN. 
2. Bicuculla Cucullaria (L.) Millsp. Rootstocks bulb-like. Foliage often glauces- 
cent: leaves basal, nearly similar to those of the preceding species : scapes erect, 1-3 dm. 
tall, usually overtopped by the leaves: racemes 3-10 cm. long, 4-12-flowered : pedicels 
