BRASSICACEAE 477 
2. Brassica jüncea (L.) Cosson. Glabrous, more or less glaucous. Stems 3-17 dm. 
tall, usually sparingly branched : leaves 5-17 cm. long or shorter on the upper part of the 
plant ; blades oblong to oval on the lower part of the plant, narrower above, all coarsely 
toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid, none of them clasping: racemes elongated: pedicels 6.5-10 
mm. long, not appressed : sepals narrow, 3.5-4.5 mm. long: petals yellow, fully twice as 
long as the sepals: pods slender, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, the subulate beak about 4 or } as long 
as the body. 
In waste places, New Hampshire to Michigan, Kansas and Georgia. Adventive or naturalized 
from Asia. Spring and summer. 
3. Brassica arvénsis (L.) B.S.P. Hispid. Stems 3-6 dm. tall, more or less 
branched above: basal and lower leaves coarsely toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid, the terminal 
segment several times longer than the others; upper leaves ovate, lanceolate, or obovate, 
coarse-toothed, sessile or nearly so, not clasping: pedicels ascending or erect, 3-5 mm. 
long: sepals spreading, oblong, 5-6 mm. long, obtuse: petals yellow, spatulate, twice as 
long as the sepals: pods slender, 2-3.5 cm. long, the body slightly constricted between 
the seeds, the beak nearly > as long as the body, sometimes 1-seeded, the valves strongly 
nerved. [Sinapis arvensis L.] 
In waste places and fields, throughout North America, except the extreme north. Adventive 
from Europe. Spring to fall. CHARLOCK. WILD MUSTARD. 
4. Brassica campéstris L. Glabrous, more or less glaucous. Stems 3-6 dm. tall, 
simple or widely branching: lower leaves 1-3 dm. long, with short petioles and lyrate-pin- 
natifid blades; upper leaves shorter than the lower, sessile, clasping, entire or toothed : 
racemes elongating : pedicels ascending, 1-2 cm. long: sepals'oblong, 3-5 cm. long : petals 
bright yellow, twice or thrice longer than the sepals: pods slender, terete, 3-7 cm. long, 
each narrowed into a beak often 1 em. long : seeds dark brown. 
. In waste places and cultivated grounds, southern British America and the United States. Adven- 
tive from Europe. Spring to fall. TURNIF. 
17. CAKiLE Gaertn. 
Annual chiefly maritime fleshy caulescent herbs, with glabrous foliage. Leaves alter- 
nate: blades entire or pinnatifid. Flowers perfect, in racemes. Sepals erect, somewhat 
gibbous at the base. Corolla white to purple, the 4 petals surpassing the sepals. Stamens 
6: filaments not toothed. Ovary sessile: style wanting: stigma entire. Ovule solitary. 
Pods indehiscent, 2-jointed, the joints 1-celled, 1-seeded, or the lower joint 2-seeded. Coty- 
ledons accumbent. The plants flower from spring to fall, or throughout the year in the 
South. Sra Rocker. 
Lower joint of the pod 2-seeded. ; 
Upper joint of the pod coarsely 8-ridged, over 1 cm. long. 1. C. geniculata. 
Upper joint of the pod delicately 4-ridged, less than 1 cm. long. C. fusiformis. 
Lower joint of the pod 1 -seeded. 
Upper joint of the pod slender, slightly, if at all, thicker than the lower. 
Upper joint of the pod swollen, markedly thicker than the lower. i 
Pod without lateral projections at the node, the upper joint not constricted. 
C. Americana. 
Pod with a 4-ridged upper joint. 4. C. edentula. 
Pod with a 6-10-ridged upper joint. 
Facial ridges of the upper joint 8, sharp. 5. C. Harperi. 
Facial ridges of the upper joint 6 or 10, rounded. 
Upper joint 6-ridged. 6. C. Chapmanii. 
. Upper joint 10-ridged. 7. C. Cubensis. 
Pod with 2 lateral projections at the node, the upper joint much constricted. 8. C. Cakile. 
l. Cakile geniculàta (Robinson) Millsp. Stout, glabrous. Stem branched and 
more or less spreading, 1-4 dm. long: leaves 3-7 cm. long ; blades oblanceolate or linear- 
oblanceolate, entire, or with a few coarse rounded teeth, tapering into short petioles: ra- 
cemes becoming 1-2 dm. long, the rachis strongly geniculate : pedicels very stout, spreading 
or somewhat ascending, 3-6 mm. long: sepals narrowly oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long, obtuse : 
pods stout, about 2.5 cm. long ; lower joint narrowly turbinate, with a prominent border 
at the top ; upper joint lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate in outline, usually curved, twice as 
long as the lower one, both joints prominently 8-ribbed. 
In sand, on the coast of Texas. 
2. Cakile fusifórmis Greene. Not especially fleshy. Stems erect or branched and 
spreading, 3-7 dm. long, of rather firm tissues : leaves 5-15 cm. long ; blades ovate in outline, 
laciniate-pinnatifid, obtuse, the segments linear, ascending or spreading ; petioles shorter 
than the blades: racemes greatly elongating, finally 2-4 dm. in length : pedicels ascending, 
1-4 mm. long: sepals linear-oblong, 3.5-4 mm. long, obtuse: pods slender, 1.5-2.5 cm. 
long; lower joint turbinate to cylindric-turbinate; upper joint subulate or lanceolate- 
subulate, longer than the lower, delicately 4-ridged, the lower joint nearly terete. 
In sand, Florida Keys to Mississippi. Also in Cuba. 
