478 BRASSICACEAE 
3. Cakile Americana Nutt. Rather stout. Stem simple or branched throughout, 
zigzag: leaves 2.5-7 cm. long; blades oblanceolate to spatulate, toothed near the apex, or 
sometimes slightly incised : racemes somewhat elongating at maturity: pedicels ascending, 
3-6 mm. long: sepals 3-4 mm. long: pods relatively slender, 1.5-2 cm. long; lower joint 
oblong-clavate, 4-angled and with delicate facial ridges; upper joint fusiform, slender- 
beaked, 8-angled by the prominent facial ridges, thin-walled, larger than the lower joint. 
In sand on the Atlantic coast, Connecticut to South Carolina; also along the Great Lakes. 
4. Cakile edéntula (Bigel.) Hook. Fleshy. Stems erect or decumbent, 1-3 dm. 
long, more or less diffusely branched, the branches spreading below, ascending or erect 
above: leaves succulent ; blades oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, or rarely obovate, 2-15 
em. long, obtuse, coarsely toothed or lobed : pedicels stout, ascending, 1-5 mm. long: sepals 
oblong, about 4 mm. long: petals light purple; claws slender, longer than the blades: 
pods 1.5-2 cm. long; lower joint oblong or obovoid, 4-angled or 4-ribbed ; upper joint 
ovoid or oblong-ovoid, usually longer than the lower, 4-angled near the base, more or less 
flattened above, the apex truncate or retuse. 
In sand, chiefly on beaches, Labrador to Florida, and along the Great Lakes to Minnesota. Also 
in California. : 
5. Cakile Harperi Small. Similar to C. edentula in habit, but often more robust. 
Leaves succulent ; blades spatulate to oblanceolate, 3-11 cm. long, crenate or incised-cre- 
nate : pedicels very stout, 1-2 mm. or rarely 3 mm. long : sepals 2-2.5 mm. long : pods 2-2.5 
em. long ; lower joint slightly broadened upward, finely several-ridged ; upper joint oblong- 
conic, often twice as long as the lower one, the faces with 8 sharp ridges. 
On sandy beaches, South Carolina to Florida. 
6. Cakile Chapmanii Millsp. Fleshy. Stems more or less branched, ascending or 
prostrate, 2-7 dm. long, the branches spreading : leaves 2-10 cm. long; blades oblong or 
oblanceolate, obtuse, undulate or sometimes coarsely-toothed, mostly longer than the 
petioles: pedicels ascending or spreading, rather stout, 4-6 mm. long: sepals narrowly 
oblong, 3.5-4 mm. long: petals pale purple; blades cuneate-obovate: pods 1.5-2 cm. long; 
lower joint enlarged upward, sometimes globular, nearly terete ; upper joint fusiform-lan- 
ceolate, acuminate and acute, 6-ridged, 4 longer than the lower one. ` [C. maritima var. 
aequalis Chapm., not L’ Her. ] 
In drifting sand, Florida to Mississippi. BEACH-SAP. 
7. Cakile Cubénsis Kunth. Relativelyslender. Stem widely branched : leaves few ; 
blades oblanceolate to broadly linear, 3-8 em. long or longer, entire or crenate to dentate : 
pedicels 1-2 mm. long: pods quite slender, about 1.8 cm. long ; lower joint nearly terete, 
obconie to turbinate : upper joint conic or ovoid-conic, mostly over 1 cm. long, 10-ridged, 
not constricted at the base. 
In sand, Florida Keys. Also in the West Indies and Central America. 
8. Cakile Cakile (L.) Karst. Stem spreading: leaves with pinnatifid blades, the 
segments linear: pods about 2 cm. long, lower joint dilated at the top, flattened ; upper 
joint mitre-like, about 1.5 cm. long, constricted near the base, with broad ridges and a 
slender beak. 
About seaports, New Jersey and North Carolina. Adventive from Europe. 
18. KONIGA! Adans. 
Annual or perennial caulescent herbs or shrubs, the foliage pubescent with branched 
hairs. Stems erect or decumbent. Leaves alternate: blades entire, narrow. Flowers per- 
fect, in racemes or panicles. Sepals 4. Corolla white: petals 4, entire, with claws, sur- 
passing the sepals. Stamens 5: filaments with two small glands at the base. Ovary sessile : 
style slender. Ovule usually solitary in each cavity. Silicles flat, ovate to suborbicular. 
Seed solitary. Cotyledons accumbent. SWEET ALyssuM. 
1. Koniga maritima (L.) R. Br. Annual, pubescent with minute appressed hairs. 
Stems usually branched at the base, the branches ascending or decumbent, more or less forked : 
basal leaves oblanceolate ; stem-leaves narrowly oblanceolate, linear or linear-lanceolate, 
1-5 em. long, acute, entire, sessile: flowers fragrant : pedicels spreading, or ascending, 
8 mm. long: sepals oblong or ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse: petals white, broadly spat- 
ulate, twice or thrice longer than the sepals: pods oval to suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long; 
acute. [Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam. ] 
In waste places, southern British America and the United States generally. Summer. Naturalized 
from Europe. j 
l Originally spelled Konig; latinized by R. Brown in 1826. 
