482 BRASSICACEAE 
4. Cardamiae Clematitis Shuttl. Perennial by elongated rootstocks, glabrous, dark 
green. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. tall, often tufted, simple or rarely sparingly branched above : 
leaves various, the lower ones with entire suborbicular or reniform more or less angular 
blades, or sometimes 3-foliolate ; upper leaves entire or nearly 3-foliolate, the segments 
various: pedicels ascending, 5-12 mm. long: sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, 3-3.5 mm. 
long, obtuse: petals white, twice or thrice as long as the sepals: pods slender, narrowly 
linear, 3-3.5 cm. long, beaked, ascending. 
In springy places at high altitudes, Virginia to North Carolina and Alabama. Spring and summer. 
5. Cardamine flexuósa With. Annual or perennial, glabrous, dark green. Stems 
ascending or spreading, often weak, 1-4 dm. long, leafy, simple or usually branching: 
leaf-blades pinnately divided or pinnatifid, 1-7 cm. long, the segments broadest above the 
middle, the terminal one cuneate or cordate at the base: pedicels spreading or ascending, 
5-10 mm. long: sepals oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long: petals white, about twice as long as the 
sepals: pods narrowly linear, 1.5-2 cm. long, slightly flattened, ascending or irregularly 
spreading, beaked. 
In mountain swamps ‘and woods, Maine to Michigan and North Carolina. Also in Europe and 
Asia. Spring and summer. 
6. Cardamine parviflora L. Annual, slender, glabrous or sparingly pubescent. 
Stems erect, 0.5-3 dm. tall, often zigzag, more or less branched, sometimes nearly filiform : 
leaves few ; blades 1-5 cm. long, pinnate, the segments narrow, broadest above the mid- 
dle, the terminal one sometimes suborbicular: pedicels ascending, 4-10 mm. long: sepals 
oblong, 1 mm. long, scarious-margined, obtuse: corolla barely 3 mm. broad: petals white, 
about twice as long as the sepals: pods narrowly linear, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, short-beaked. 
In dry soil and on rocky banks, Quebec to Oregon, south ward on the mountains to Georgia. Also 
in Europe and Asia. Spring. 
7. Cardamine arenícola Britton. Annual, glabrous. Stems usually much branched 
at the base, the branches erect or ascending, 1-3 dm. tall, leafly to the inflorescence: leaf- 
blades pinnately divided, 1-4 cm. long, the segments linear or linear-oblong, obtuse or acut- 
ish, entire or with 1-2 small teeth: pedicels ascending, 4-6 mm. long: sepals oblong, 
about 1 mm. long: corolla fully 4 mm. broad: petals white, nearly twice as long as the 
sepals, obtuse: pods slender, linear, 2 cm. long, erect. 
In moist, usually sandy soil, Connecticut to Kentucky, Florida and Tennessee. Spring. 
8. Cardamine Pennsylvánica Muhl. Annual, fleshy, glabrous or nearly so. 
Stems erect, 2-10 dm. tall, more or less branched, leafy, the branches ascending : leaves varl- 
able ; blades 4-15 cm. long, pinnate, the segments undulate, toothed or lobed, the termi- 
nal one much the largest, more or less cuneate at the base: pedicels 4-10 mm. long, 
ascending : sepals oblong, about 2 mm. long, obtuse: corolla fully 4 mm. broad: petals 
pos twice as long as the sepals: pods linear-filiform, ascending, 2-2.5 cm. long, 
eaked. 
In swamps and low grounds, Newfoundland to Minnesota, Florida and Missouri. Spring. 
9. Cardamine hirsüta L. Annual, slender, more or less densely pubescent. Stems 
erect, 0.5-2.5 dm. long, simple or branched throughout: leaves mainly basal, 1-6 cm. 
long; blades pinnate, the segments broadest above the middle, entire or slightly lobed, 
the terminal one cuneate or subcordate at the base: pedicels erect or ascending, 4-8 mm. 
long: sepals oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse, usually pubescent at the apex : petals white, 
about twice as long as the sepals : pods narrowly linear, 2-2.5 cm. long, erect, not beaked. 
In dry or moist soil, Massachusetts to Michigan, North Carolina and Georgia. Also in Europe and 
Asia. Spring. 
22. LEAVENWORTHIA Torr. 
Low annual or biennial herbs, with scape-like, often tufted, stems and glabrous foliage, 
or the pubescence, if present, of simple hairs. Leaves mainly basal : blades lyrate-pinnatifid. 
Flowers perfect, solitary or a few in racemes. Sepals 4, narrow, equal at the base. Cor- 
olla white, yellow or purplish: petals 4, broadened upward. Stamens 6: filaments few, 
unappendaged. Ovary short-stalked: style slender: stigma 2-lobed. Ovules numerous 
or few. Pods elongated, somewhat inflated, often contracted between the seeds, the valves 
nerveless. Seeds flattened, in 1 row in each cavity, winged. Embryo straight or nearly 
so. Cotyledons as broad as long. The plants flower in the spring. 
Cotyledons orbicular, cordate : radicle straight. 1. L. aurea. 
Cotyledons, oval : radicle oblique. 
Capsules not constricted between the seeds. ‘fora. 
etals with white or purplish blades: styles less than 3 mm. long. 2. L. rae a : 
Petals with yellow blades: style over 3 mm. long. 3. L. stylosa. 
Capsules constricted between the seeds. 4. L. torulosa. 
