498 PARNASSIACEAE 
cymes. Sepals 4. Petals 4, distinct. Stamens 8, inserted at the base of the petals: fila- 
ments filiform: anthers dark-colored. Scales minute, suborbicular. Carpels 4, united be- 
low the middle. Ovary 1-celled: styles subulate, short: stigmas minute. Ovules numer- 
ous in each carpel, crowded on axile placentae. Follicles 4, the tips spreading at maturity. 
1. Diamorpha cymósa (Nutt.) Britton. Plants glabrous, reddish throughout. 
Stems 2-10 cm. tall, simple or branched at the base or above: leaves nearly terete, 2-5 
mm. long, obtuse, ascending, sometimes incurved, sessile: pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long: sepals 
triangular, acute or acutish, slightly spreading: petals oblong-ovate, boat-shaped, nearly 3 
mm. long, obtuse: stamens shorter than the petals: anthers black: follicles 1.5-2 mm. 
long, with curved or hooked tips. [D. pusilla Nutt. ] 
On rocks, chiefly granite, North Carolina and Tennessee to middle Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 
4. BRYOPHYLLUM Salisb. 
Upright herbs, with ashrubby base and fleshy tissues. Leaves opposite: blades simple 
or pinnately compound ; leaflets mostly toothed. Flowers perfect, often showy, nodding, in 
cymes or panicles which are opposite the branches. Sepals 4, united into an often inflated 
calyx. Corolla nearly campanulate, or urn-shaped, the narrow limb with 4 spreading 
lobes. Stamens 8, in 2 rows, adnate to about the middle of the corolla-tube: filaments 
filiform: anthers mostly exserted. Glands of the disk 4, oblong. Carpels 4, distinct or 
partially united. Ovules many in each cavity. Follicles 4. Seeds numerous. 
1. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) S. Kurz. Perennial, glabrous. Stems 4-15 dm. 
tall, more or less widely branched: leaf-blades often pinnately compound, 1-3 dm. long ; 
leaflets oblong, oval or elliptic, obtuse, crenate, the terminal one several times longer than 
the lateral ones: panicles 1-4 dm. long, conspicuous: calyx bladder-like when growing, 
finally oblong-campanulate, 3-3.5 cm. long, glabrous: corolla reddish, twice as long as 
the calyx or shorter ; lobes lanceolate or narrowly ovate, acute. [B. calycinum Salisb. ] 
In waste places, Florida. Introduced from tropical America. 
FAMILY 8. PENTHORACEAE Rydb. VIRGINIA STONECROP FAMILY. 
Perennial herbs, with relatively firm tissues and erect stems. Leaves alter- 
nate; blades thinnish, serrate. Flowers perfect, greenish, in terminal cymes, 
secund on the.branches. Sepals 5. Petals 5, inconspicuous, or wanting. Sta- 
mens 10, hypogynous: filaments filiform. Scales wanting.  Carpels 5, united 
to about the middle: styles very short, abruptly pointed, diverging : stigmas 
capitate. Ovules numerous in each carpel, on axile placentae.  Follicles united 
into a 5-celled, 5-lobed depressed circumscissile capsule with wide-spreading or 
recurved persistent styles. 
1. PENTHORUM L. 
Characters of the family. DITCH or VIRGINIA STONECROP. 
1. Penthorum sedoides L. Foliage bright green, glabrous, or glandular pubescent 
above. Stems 1-6 dm. tall, simple or branched above, terete below, angled above: leaf- 
blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 3-15 cm. long, acuminate at both ends, ser- 
rate; petioles 0.5-2 cm. long: branches of the cymes 2-8 cm. long, spreading : flowers 
greenish white, 4 mm. broad: sepals ovate, 1.5 mm. long, acute: petals generally want- 
ing : capsule depressed, 4-5 mm. broad, each lobe tipped with a stout slightly recurved style. 
In swamps and wet soil, New Brunswick to Minnesota, Florida and Texas. Summer. 
FAMILY 4. PARNASSIÀCEAE Dumort. GrAss-oF-PARNASSUS FAMILY. 
Acaulescent herbs, with glabrous foliage. Leaves basal: blades ed 
entire: petioles usually elongated, erect, dilated at the base. Scapes usually 
solitary, simple, each bearing a bract. Flowers perfect, white or pale yo 
solitary. Perianth in 2 series. Calyx persistent: sepals 5, imbricated. Cor 
of 5 variously shaped imbricated entire or fimbriate, often conspicuous y 
nerved, deciduous petals. Androecium of 5 hypogynous or perigynous stamens 
alternating with entire or tufted staminodia. Filaments subulate. d 
introrse. Gynoecium of 3 or4 united carpels. Ovary 1-celled, superior or ha 
