ROSACEAE 515 
4. PORTERANTHUS Britton. 
Perennial herbs, with erect, simple or sparingly branched stems. Leaves alternate : 
blades 3-parted or 3-foliolate, subtended by narrow or leaf-like stipules: leaflets toothed or 
incised. Flowers perfect, in loose terminal panicles. Hypanthium campanulate or 
evlindric, longer than the 5 sepals. Petals 5, narrow, convolute in the bud, slightly un- 
equal. Stamens 10-20: filaments very short.  Pistils 5, opposite the sepals: styles slen- 
der. Ovules 2-4, ascending from the base of the cavities. Follicles 5, leathery, partially 
included. Seeds 1-4, in each follicle. Testa leathery. Endosperm striate. The plants 
flower in the spring and summer. __[ Gillenia Moench. ] 
Lower leaflets serrate: stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 1. P. trifoliatus. 
Lower leaflets incised-pinnatifid : stipules leaf-like, incised or serrate. 2. P. stipulatus. 
1. Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britton. Stems erect, 3-12 dm. tall, usually some- 
what branched: stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate: leaflets 3, the blades elliptic or 
oblong, varying to lanceolate or oblanceolate, or rarely obovate, acute or acuminate at the 
apex, irregularly serrate and incised or lobed, acute or obtuse at the more or less oblique 
base: panicles open: sepals glandular-ciliate, lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the elon- 
gated ribbed hypanthium : petals linear-elliptic, about 1-5 cm. long, acuminate : follicles 
glabrous, 5-6 mm. long. 
In woods and on hillsides or river banks, New York to Michigan, middle Georgia and Missouri. 
INDIAN PHYSIC. BOWMAN'S-ROOT. 
2. Porteranthus stipulàtus (Muhl.) Britton. Stems erect, 1-12 dm. tall, simple 
below, sparingly branched above: stipules leaf-like, serrate or incised: leaflets 3, the 
blades elliptic or narrowly-elliptie, varying to lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, acuminate, the 
lower ones incised-pinnatifid, the upper irregularly but sharply serrate: panicles few- 
flowered : sepals ovate, glandular-ciliate, acute, longer than the tubular-campanulate hy- 
panthium: petals narrowly-elliptie, 1-1.5 em. long: follicles glabrous, 6-7 mm. long. 
1 In rich woods, New York to Missouri and the Indian Territory, Georgia and Alabama. AMERICAN 
PECAC. 
5. RUBACER Rydb. 
Perennial caulescent herbaceous shrubs, with more or less glandular-pubescent foliage. 
Leaves alternate: blades simple, prominently lobed and toothed, petioled. Flowers per- 
fect, in terminal corymbs or racemes. Hypanthium flat. Sepals 5, not accompanied by 
bractlets, with long-acuminate tips. Corolla showy. Petals rose-purple or white, not 
clawed, deciduous. Stamens numerous. Pistils numerous, on a flat receptacle. Ovary 
pubescent above: style terminal, but to one side of the center, filiform. Drupelets rather 
dry, each furnished with a cushion of hairs covering the top and part of the dorsal side. 
1. Rubacer odoratum (L.) Small. An erect, unarmed, branching shrub, 1-2 m. 
tall, the foliage more or less densely glandular-pubescent and clammy. Leaf-blades simple, 
0.5-3 dm. broad, 3-5-lobed, cordate, the lobes irregularly serrate, sometimes angled, acumi- 
nate; petioles shorter than the blades: flowers showy : sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, with 
a slender terminal appendage longer than the body, tomentose within: petals rose-purple, 
or rarely white, suborbicular, 1.5-2 em. broad, undulate: fruit depressed-hemispheric, red, 
1.5-2 em. broad, rather dry, and insipid. [Rubus odoratus L.] 
In woods or on rocky banks, Nova Scotia to Michigan, Georgia and Alabama. Spring to summer. 
6. RUBUS L.' 
Perennial herbs or shrubs, with erect or trailing stems, often bristly or armed with 
prickles. Leaves alternate: blades usually lobed or 3-7-foliolate : stipules adnate to the 
petiole. Flowers perfect or dioecious, solitary or disposed in corymbs, racemes or pani- 
cle. Hypanthium persistent, broad. Sepals 5, not augmented by bractlets. Petals 5, 
sessile or short-clawed, deciduous. Stamens numerous: filaments filiform. Pistils usually 
numerous on a convex or conic receptacle. Ovary glabrous: styles slender, glabrous, nearly 
terminal. Ovules 2 in each cavity, pendulous. Drupelets destitute of hairy cushions, 
crowded together. Seed pendulous, the testa membranous. RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY. 
’ Prepared with the assistance of Dr. Per Axel Rydberg. 
