520 ROSACEAE 
ward. Flowers in terminal corymbs. Hypanthium persistent, rather flat. Sepals 5, 
nearly as broad as long. Bractlets 5, narrower than the sepals. Petals 5, white, sessile, 
without claws. Stamens about 20, in 3 series: filaments filiform. Receptacle hemispheric. 
Pistils numerous. Styles slender, lateral. Stigma truncate. Ovule ascending, amphit- 
ropous. Achenes turgid, pubescent. 
1. Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Soland.) Rydb. Foliage pubescent, bright green. 
Caudices decumbent, scaly below, sometimes creeping: leaves often clustered ; stipules 
lanceolate, 5-10 mm. long; leaflets 3, the blades 1-3 cm. long, cuneate or obovate-cuneate, 
3-toothed at the apex, appressed-pubescent : peduncles 0.5-3 dm. tall, topped by few- 
flowered corymbose cymes : bractlets mostly oblong : sepals triangular-ovate or ovate, acute, 
surpassing the bractlets : corolla white, about 1 cm. broad : petals obovate or elliptic-obovate, 
fully twice as long as the sepals. 
In rocky soil, Greenland to Manitoba, New Jersey and along the mountains to northern Georgia. 
Spring and summer. 
9. FRAGARIA L. 
Perennial acaulescent often stoloniferous herbs, the foliage usually silky or villous. 
Leaves basal, with long petioles: blades 3-foliolate. Scapes simple or branched above. 
Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in terminal cymes. Hypanthium persistent, turbinate. Sepals 
5, spreading or reflexed, valvate, accompanied by 5 bractlets. Petals 5, white, or rarely 
reddish, short-clawed. Stamens about 20, in 3series. Pistils numerous, glabrous, inserted 
on a conic or hemispheric accrescent receptacle: style lateral, rather persistent: stigma 
capitate. Ovule solitary, ascending. Achenes crustaceous, numerous, imbedded in or 
seated on the more or less elongated fleshy receptacle. STRAWBERRY. 
Leaflets sessile or nearly so: achenes superficial. 1. F. Americana. 
Leaflets stalked : achenes in pits. 2. F. Virginiana. 
1. Fragaria Americana (Porter) Britton. Rootstock rather slender. Runners long 
and slender: leaves erect ; petioles 5-10 em. long, silky or glabrate ; leaflets 3, the blades 
rhombic-obovate, 3-8 cm. long, mostly acute, sharply and deeply serrate, the lateral pair 
oblique: scapes slender, mostly less than 1.5 dm. tall, silky or the hairs finally spreading : 
corolla white, 1-1.5 em. broad : fruit conic-ovoid, 1-1.5 cm. long, red : achenes superficial. 
In woods and thickets, Newfoundland to North Carolina and New Mexico. Spring. 
2. Fragaria Virginiana Duchesne. Rootstock thick. Runners long and stout; 
leaves mostly erect; petioles 2-30 cm. long, villous ; leaflets 3, the blades rather thick, ob- 
ovate to oblong, 3-10 em. long, coarsely toothed, obtuse, deep green, glabrate in age, not 
glaucous : scape erect, stout, 1.5-5 dm. long, but usually less than 2 dm., villous : sepals 
and bractlets lanceolate, acute or acuminate: corolla 1.5-2.5 em. broad : petals obovate, 
about twice as long as the sepals: fruit hemispheric, 1-1.5 cm. long: achenes in pits. 
In dry soil, Prince Edward’s Island to Minnesota, Georgia and the Indian Territory. Spring.—A 
smaller form 3-8 cm. high, with more copiously pubescent foliage, leaflets 2-4 em. long, almost sessile 
and broader, and the sepals more acuminate, is F. Virginiana austrális Rydb. 
10. DUCHÉSNEA J. E. Smith. à 
Perennial caulescent herbs, with trailing, often creeping branches. Leaves alternate: 
blades 3-foliolate, petioled. Flowers perfect, pedicelled, axillary. Hypanthium flattish. 
Sepals 5, accompanied by as many toothed or incised bractlets, which are longer than the 
sepals. Petals 5, yellow, fugaceous. Stamens numerous. Pistils numerous, inserted on 4 
depressed-hemispheric receptacle: style lateral. Ovule solitary, ascending. Achenes 
crustaceous, seated on the dry receptacle. YELLOW or INDIAN STRAWBERRY. 
1. Duchesnea Indica (Andr.) Focke. Stem usually branched at the base, po 
branches hirsute or silky with partially appressed hairs, prostrate or ascending, 1-9 am. 
long, often creeping : leaflets 3, the blades ovate to obovate, 1-4 cm. long, crenate or Ser- 
rate-crenate, the terminal one cuneate at the base, the lateral ones inequilateral, their nerves 
prominent beneath : peduncles as long as the subtending bracts or longer: flower sod 
sepals ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long, abruptly acuminate : bractlets 3-5-toothed : er : 
1.6-2 cm. broad : petals 5, yellow, obovate, truncate or retuse at the apex : fruit ovol o 
subglobose, 8-10 mm. in diameter. [Fragaria Indica Andr.] 
In waste places, New York to Florida and Alabama. Naturalized from India. Spring to fall. 
