ROSACEAE 523 
glabrous or finely canescent: sepals lanceolate, longer than the hypanthium, reflexed : 
petals white, obovate to suborbicular, as long as the sepals, or shorter: fruiting heads 
8-11 mm. long: achene-body 2.5-3 mm. long, bristly above the middle.  [G. album 
Gmel. | 
On banks and in shaded soil, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. Spring and summer. 
3. Geum Virginiànum L. Stems more or less densely pubescent with retrorse hairs, 
3-9 dm. tall, branched above: leaves variable, the basal with long petioles and lobed, 3- 
divided, or pinnate blades, the divisions lobed or incised ; stem-leaves with short-petioled 
or sessile 3-5-lobed or parted blades: hypanthium hirsute: sepals lanceolate, acuminate : 
petals white, obovate or cuneate, shorter than the sepals: fruiting heads 12-16 mm. long : 
achene-body 2.5-3 mm. long, sparingly pubescent near the apex. 
In thickets or low places, New Brunswick to Minnesota, North Carolinaand Missouri. Spring and 
summer. 
4. Geum geniculatum Michx. Stems hirsute, the hairs sometimes retrorse, 5-9 
dm. tall, corymbosely branched above: leaves various, the basal with long petioles ; blades 
toothed or 3-divided, the divisions 5-8 cm. long, coarsely toothed ; the stem-leaves similar, 
but with shorter petioles, the terminal segment of the upper ones often acuminate: pe- 
duncles densely pubescent: sepals lanceolate, acuminate: petals white, conspicuously 
nerved, as long as the sepals or longer : achene-body 3.5-4.5 mm. long, tawny, bristly near 
the edges. 
On high mountain slopes, North Carolina. Summer. 
5. Geum vérnum (Raf.) T. & G. Stems branched at the base, the branches decum- 
bent or ascending, 2-9 dm. long, glabrous or finely pubescent : leaves mainly basal, 5-20 
em. long, very variable, with long petioles; basal with both lobed and pinnate blades, the 
segments incised ; stem-leaves similar to the pinnate basal ones, but shorter-petioled : pe- 
duncles commonly glabrous: sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, reflexed : petals broadly 
cuneate, about as long as the sepals: fruiting heads 7-9 mm. in diameter: achene-body 3 
mm. long, glabrous or nearly so. 
In shaded ground and thickets, Ontario to New Jersey, Tennessee and Texas. Spring. 
14. SIEVERSIA R. Br. 
Low perennial caulescent herbs, but the stems often scape-like. Leaves mainly basal : 
blades odd-pinnate. Flowers solitary, or few in cymes. Hypanthium hemispheric or ob- 
conic. Sepals 5, generally accompanied by 5 bractlets. Corolla yellow or purplish. 
Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous on a hemispheric receptacle. Style 
terminal, not jointed, pubescent or plumose, generally elongating at maturity, persistent. 
Seed basal, erect. 
. 1. Siervesia radiàta (Michx.) Greene. Foliage hirsute. Stems erect, 1-6 dm. tall, 
simple below, corymbosely branched above, often tufted : leaves of two kinds, the basal with 
lyrate-pinnate blades, and long petioles, the terminal division suborbicular to reniform, 
4-15 em. broad, unequally toothed, obscurely 5-7-lobed, and crisped, cordate ; lateral 
leaflets small or wanting; stem-leaves with sessile orbicular or cuneate, many-cleft or 
incised blades 2-6 cm. long: hypanthium broadly turbinate, 7-9 mm. broad: sepals tri- 
angular or lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the hypanthium: bractlets linear or nearly 
so: corolla 3-4 em. broad: petals deep yellow, broadly and deeply obcordate: styles straight: 
achene-body 3-4 mm. long, pubescent. [Geum radiatum Michx. ] 
In rocky soil, on the summits of high mountains, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer 
15. ULMARIA Hill. 
Perennial herbs, with erect stems. Leaves alternate : blades pinnate, petioled : leaflets 
variously toothed or lobed. Flowers perfect, white, pink or purple, in terminal corymbose 
cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, clawed. Stamens numerous, inserted on the concave or flat 
disk : filaments club-shaped. Pistils 5-15, often 10, distinct: style short. Ovules 2 in 
each cavity, pendulous. Fruit capsular, indehiscent. Seed usually solitary, pendulous. 
1. Ulmaria rübra Hill. Foliage deep green. Stems 5-24 dm. tall, usually branched : 
leaf-blades pinnate, petioled, the lower ones 3-9 dm. long, the upper successively shorter ; 
stipules leaf-like, serrate : leaflets glabrous above, pubescent beneath, the lateral ones oppo- 
site, the blades palmately 3-5-lobed, the terminal one larger, 7-9-lobed, its segments sharply 
serrate : corymbs compound, 1-sided : hypanthium glabrous : sepals almost half-orbicular, 
reflexed : petals suborbicular, pink to purple, 2-3 mm. in diameter: follicles 6-7 mm. 
high, club-shaped, eurved below. [Spiraea lobata Gronov. ] 
In swamps and low grounds, Pennsylvania to Michigan and Iowa, Georgia and Kentucky. Spring 
and summer, QUEEN OF THE PRAIRIE. 7 
