OXALIDACEAE 665 
mm. long, wider: scapes 1-3, erect or ascending, 5-15 cm. high, simple: flower solitary, 
overtopping the leaves : sepals oblong to lanceolate, ciliate, obtusish, purple-tipped : petals 
white or pink, delicately marked with deep pink, 1-1.5 mm. long, 3-4 times longer than 
the sepals: capsules ovoid-globose, 2-4 mm. long, acutish : seeds 1-2 in each cavity, ob- 
ovoid, longitudinally 5-grooved on each face, minutely pitted. 
In cold damp woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba and southward on the mountains to North Carolina 
and Tennessee. Spring and summer. Also in Europe and Asia. 
2. IONOXALIS Small. 
Perennial acaulescent herbs, with scaly bulbs. Leaves basal, few or many together : 
petioles dilated at the base: blades palmately 3-10-foliolate ; leaflets notched at the apex, 
with short or elongated lobes, usually with orange tubercles in each sinus, commonly 
drooping. Scapes erect, solitary or clustered, usually topped by umbel-like cymes. 
Flowers perfect, heterogonous. Sepals 5, with tubercles at the apex. Petals 5, rose- 
purple, rose-violet or white, much longer than the sepals, commonly rounded at the apex. 
Stamens 10: filaments usually pubescent, united at the base. Capsule sometimes elon- 
gated, 5-celled. Seeds wrinkled, grooved or tubercled. "VrionET Woopn-soRREL. 
Leaflets with obeordate or obreniform blades : sepals with 2 distinct or confluent apical tubercles. 
Capsules globose-ovoid : tubercles more or less confluent. 1. I violacea. 
Capsules oblong-ovoid : tubercles distinct. 2. I. Martiana. 
Leaflets with V-shaped or Y-shaped blades: sepals with 4-6 more or less confluent 
tubercles. 3. I. vespertilionia. 
1. Ionoxalis violàcea (L.) Small. Bulb coated with brown ciliate scales, rarely 
producing a tap-root: leaves 4-8 or more: leaflets 3, the blades obcordate or obreniform, 
6-16 mm. long, wider, sometimes pubescent on the midrib beneath: scapes erect, solitar 
or several together, 0.5-3 dm. tall, surpassing the leaves, sometimes twice as high, eac 
topped by a 3-15-flowered cyme: pedicels rarely pubescent, recurved before and after 
flowering: flowers heterogonous: sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, 4-6 mm. long, obtuse, 
with 2 confluent tubercles at the apex: petals rose-purple, lighter toward the base, or 
white, 14-20 mm. long, thrice as long as the sepals, obtuse or truncate at the apex: cap- 
sules globose-ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, slightly surpassing the sepals: seeds ovoid, 1.5 mm. 
long, flattened, rugose-tuberculate. [ Oxalis violacea L. 
... In woods and on open slopes, New England to Minnesota and the Rocky Mountains, Florida and 
New Mexico. Spring and summer. 
2. Ionoxalis Martiàna (Zucc.) Small. Bulb scaly. Foliage deep green: leaves 
erect or ascending : leaflets 3, the blades thin, obcordate to obreniform, with a deep, narrow 
sinus and a marginal row of small orange tubercles, sessile, often drooping : scapes erect, 
usually surpassing the leaves, villous, the cymes several-flowered: pedicels glabrous or 
nearly so: sepals oblong or narrowly oblong, 5-6 mm. long, ciliate, each with 2 distinct 
apical tubercles: petals rose-purple, often pale, 12-15 mm. long: filaments ciliate: cap- 
sules oblong-ovoid. [Oxalis Martiana Zuce. | 
In waste places, in the Gulf States, introduced from tropical America. Throughout the year. 
3. Ionoxalis vespertilionis (T. & G.) Small. Bulbs scaly. Foliage glabrous or 
nearly so: leaves basal: leaflets 3, the blades commonly broadly V-shaped, 6-10 mm. 
long, much broader, the lobes usually narrow: scapes erect, several together, commonly 
twice as long as the petioles, the cymes few-flowered: pedicels slender, elongating at 
maturity : flowers heterogonous: sepals narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. 
long, with usually 4-6 apical tubercles : petals violet, oblanceolate or spatulate, 1.5-2 cm. 
ong, rounded at the apex : filaments ciliate: capsules oblong-ovoid, 8-10 mm. long, some- 
what pubescent: seeds ovoid-globose, 1 mm. long, wrinkled. [Oxalis vespertilionis T. & G.] 
On prairies, Texas to Arizona. Summer and fall. 
3. MONOXALIS Small. 
Perennial caulescent herbs, with woody branched rootstocks and pubescent foliage. 
Leaves alternate : petioles little elongated, with free bristle-like stipules at the base : blades 
1-foliolate : leaflets thickish, barely stalked. Peduncles axillary, with 2 bristle-like bracts 
at the base of the single pedicel, and shorter than the peduncle. Flowers perfect, soli- 
tary. Sepals 5, auricled at the base. Corolla yellow. Petals 5, rather narrow, surpassing 
the sepals, narrowed into claws below the middle. Stamens 10: filaments glabrous. 
Capsule little longer than thick, 5-celled. Seeds about 3 in cavity, tubercled. 
