RUTACEAE 675 
4. FAGARA L. 
More or less aromatic shrubs or trees, the bark of the stem sometimes with corky, and 
spine-armed ridges. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately compound : leaflets with punc- 
tate, entire or toothed blades. Flowers white or whitish, polygamous, in terminal or 
rarely axillary panicled or corymbose cymes, or rarely clustered. Sepals 4-5, imbricated. 
Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5, reduced in the pistillate flowers. Carpels 1-4, 1-celled, more or 
less united : styles occasionally nearly distinct. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Fruit nearly 
similar to that of Xanthorylum. 
Flowers in axillary cluster-like cymes : sepals and petals 4. 1. F. Fagara. 
Flowers in terminal cymes or corymbs: sepals and petals 3 or 5. 
Sepals and petals 5: leaf-blades unequally pinnate. 
Plants unarmed. 2. F. flava. 
Plants armed with prickles. 
Twigs and inflorescence hirsute: leaflets obtuse: seeds smooth. 3. F. fruticosa. 
Twigs and inflorescence glabrous : leaflets acuminate : seeds wrinkled. 4. F. Clava- Herculis. 
Sepals and petals 3: leaf-blades equally pinnate. 5. F. coriacea. 
l. Fagara Fágara (L.) Small. An evergreen shrub or small tree, sometimes 10 m. 
tall, with zigzag branchlets and puberulent twigs and inflorescence. Leaf-blades pinnately 
compound, 6-8 cm. long, the rachis winged : leaflets 5-13, the blades leathery, obovate or 
oval, 1-2 cm. long, sessile or nearly so, usually notched at the apex, shallowly crenate, 
slightly revolute: flowers in axillary often cluster-like or raceme-like cymes: calyx 1.5 
mm. broad: sepals triangular-ovate, acute: petals oblong or oblong-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. 
long, obtuse, concave : stamens longer than the petals: filaments filiform-subulate: car- 
pels subglobose, 4 mm. in diameter, rugose-tubereulate: seed subglobose, smooth and 
shining, black. ( Xanthoxylum Pterota H. B. K.] 
Along or near the coast, Florida to Texas. Also in the West Indies. Spring. WILD LIME. 
2. Pagara flava (Vahl) Krug & Urban. An unarmed evergreen shrub or 
small tree, sometimes 30 m. tall, its twigs, foliage and inflorescence tomentose, or glabrate 
in age. Leaf-blades pinnately compound, 1-2 dm. Jong: leaflets 5-11, the blades oblong 
or ovate, or the terminal one oval, 3.5-7 cm. long, obtuse, rounded at the apex, slightly 
crenate or nearly entire, inequilateral, short-petioled, pubescent with stellate hairs when 
young, becoming glabrous: panicles 0.5-1.5 dm. long: pedicels 1-3 dm. long: flowers in 
terminal cymes: calyx about 1 mm. broad: sepals triangular-ovate, acutish : petals 5, 
oblong or oblong-ovate, 2.5 mm. long, recurved, thickish : stamens longer than the petals : 
ovary glandular-punctate : carpels obovoid, 6 mm. long, glandular-punctate: seeds lentic- 
ular, 4 mm. broad, faintly reticulated, black. [Xanthoxylum Caribaeum S. Wats., not Lam. ] 
In sand, on the Florida Keys. Also in the West Indies. Spring. YELLOW-WOOD. SATIN-WOOD. 
. 3. Fagara fruticdsa (A. Gray) Small. An aromatic prickly shrub 1-5 m. tall, 
its twigs, petioles and inflorescence finely hirsute. Leaf-blades pinnately compound or 
rarely 3-foliolate, 6-10 em. long; rachis hirsute : leaflets usually 5-11, the blades ovate, 
oblong or oval, 1.5-4 em. long, obtuse, crenate, sessile or nearly so, lustrous above, dull 
beneath: panicles 1-5 em. long, hirsute: pedicels 2-3 mm. long: calyx glabrous : sepals 
linear or linear-subulate, about 1 mm. long, acute: petals elliptic, about 2 mm. long, 
curved and concave, thickened at the apex: stamens shorter or just about as long as the 
petals : filaments shorter than the anthers : carpels usually solitary, about 5 mm. in diam- 
eter, glandular-punctate, apiculate : seeds solitary, obliquely-ovoid, black, shining. [Xan- 
thoxylum Carolinianum var. fruticosum A. Gray. ] 
On plains and prairies, Arkansas and Texas. Spring. 
4. Fagara Clàva-Hérculis (L.) Small. A glabrate prickly shrub or tree, sometimes 
17 m. tall with a maximum trunk diameter of 5 dm. Leaf-blades pinnate, 2-3 dm. long, 
the rachis terete : leaflets 7-11, the blades ovate, 4-5 cm. long, acuminate, appressed-ser- 
rate, abruptly narrowed at the base into short winged petiolules, all except the terminal 
one very inequilateral, often somewhat curved : panicles corymbose, 1-2 dm. long : calyx 
2.5-3 mm. broad: sepals triangular-ovate, obtuse: petals oblong-ovate, 3 mm. long, con- 
cave, thickened at the obtuse apex : stamens longer than the petals: filaments stout : car- 
pels 2-5 in a cluster, globose-o ovoid, 5-6 mm. in diameter, rugose, apiculate: seeds 1-2 
in a carpel, globose-oblong, black, coarsely wrinkled. [Xanthorylum Clava-Herculis L.] 
Along or near the coast, Virginia to Florida, Arkansas and Texas. Spring. PRICKLY AsH. TooTH- 
ACHE-TREE. SEA ASH. PEPPER WOOD. 
5. Pagara coriacea (A. Rich.) Krug & Urban. A tree becoming 6 or7 m. tall, 
more or less spine-armed, glabrous or nearly so throughout. Leaf-blades pinnately 4-12-, 
foliolate, the rachis channeled above: leaflets usually 6-10, tbe blades 2-6 cm. long, 
