POLYGALACEAE 685 
corolla: keel with a slender beak about 1 mm. long: stamens 6 or 7; filaments united to 
about the middle : style slender, neither dilated nor appendaged : stigma terminal : capsule 
3 mm. long: seeds flattened, pubescent, the 3 lobes of the caruncle unequal, 2 about } as 
long as the seed-body, the third much shorter. 
In dry soil, Texas to Arizona. Summer. 
7. Polygala paucifdlia Willd. Perennial, bright green, glabrous below. Stems 
simple or branched below, the branches 5-20 cm. tall, often pubescent above: leaves 3-6, 
near the ends of the branches ; blades elliptic, oval or ovate, 1-3 cm. long, acute or mucron- 
ate, narrowed into short petioles, often pubescent above near the base : raceme 3-4-flowered : 
pedicels 6-12 mm. long : flowers rose, purple or rarely white, showy, 1.5-2 cm. long : wings 
obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, narrowed at the base: lateral petals oblong: keel with a conspic- 
uous fimbriate crest : stamens 6 : style club-shaped, ^p nee dilated nor auricled, toothed at 
the apex : capsule subglobose, 5-8 mm. broad, notched at the apex and sometimes at the 
base : seeds pubescent, the 2 subulate lobes of the caruncle often longer than the seed-body. 
In moist woods, Anticosti and New Brunswick to Saskatchewan, south along the mountains to 
Georgia, and Illinois. Spring and summer. FLOWERING WINTERGREEN. FRINGED MILKWORT. 
8. Polygala polygama Walt. Perennial, bright green, glabrous. Stems branched at 
the base; branches slender, erect or ascending, 1-5 dm. tall, striate, usually simple : leaves 
alternate ; blades spatulate, oblanceolate, oblong-oblanceolate or linear, 1-4 cm. long or the 
lower ones shorter, all usually apiculate: racemes loosely flowered, short-peduncled, the 
rachis 12-15 cm. long: pedicels 2-7 mm. long, their bracts deciduous : flowers rose-purple 
to pink, the lower ones often drooping : cleistogene flowers on elongated radiating, more 
or less buried racemes at the base of the plant : wings obovate, 4-6 mm. long, often unequal, 
obtuse : keel crested with several large branching processes : stamens 8 : style short, hooded 
at the stalked stigma, the tufted appendage curved toward the stigma: capsule oblong or 
oblong-obovoid, about 2 mm. long: seeds very pubescent, the 2 lobes of the caruncle lace- 
like, about $ as long as the seed-body. 
In dry sandy soil, Nova Scotia to the Lake of the, Woods, Florida and Texas. Summer. 
_ .9. Polygala Lewtónii Small. Perennial or perhaps biennial, the foliage glabrous, 
bright green. Stems much branched at the base, the branches numerous, ascending or de- 
cumbent, 1-2 dm. long, simple, sharply angled : leaves clustered, crowded, fleshy, spatu- 
late or linear-spatulate, 1-2 cm. long, acute or acutish, wrinkled in drying: racemes 1-5 
cm. long, loosely flowered : pedicels slender, 1-2 mm. long : sepals various ; dorsal broadly 
oblong ; anterior narrowly-oblong, both 2 mm. long, obtuse : wings deep pink, inequilateral, 
half-rhombic, 4.5-5.5 mm. long: corolla deep pink: petals about 4 mm. long, the keel 
more finely lacerate than in P. polygama : style ascending from the truncate top of ovary, 
cucullate above the middle, the tufted appendage and stigmatic gland not approximate : c 
sule oblong-prismatic, 5 mm. long, glabrous: cleistogamous racemes slender, few-flowered, 
their pedicels slender, 1-1.5 cm. long, curved. 
In sand, peninsular Florida. Summer. 
_ 10. Polygala Sénega L. Perennial, more or less puberulent. Stems several from the 
thick root, erect or ascending, 1-5 dm. long, usually simple : leaves alternate, numerous ; 
blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, 1-3.5 em. long (the lower ones often scale- 
like), scabrous-margined : racemes spike-like, 2-6 cm. long: corolla greenish white, 3-4 
mm. long : wings orbicular-obovate, 2-3 mm. long, rather persistent : keel'with a crest of 
several thick processes : capsule flat, broader than long, 3.5-4.5 mm. broad: seeds 
pubescent, with caruncle-lobes about as long as the seed-body. 
In dry soil, New Brunswick to the Hudson Bay region and the Canadian Rocky Mountains, south 
to North Carolina and Arkansas. Spring.—A form with taller stems, larger leaves with ovate or oblong- 
ip Metri ste blades, laxer racemes and larger capsules and seeds, is known as P. Senega latifolia T. & 
” ges from Pennsylvania to Michigan and South Dakota south to Tennessee. SENECA SNAKEROOT. 
ll. Polygala setàcea Michx. Annual, slender, glabrous. Stems erect, 1-5 dm. 
tall, wire-like, simple throughout or branched at the base or above : leaves scale-like, 0.5— 
1.5 mm. long, subulate, acute, scattered : racemes spike-like, conic-ovoid, 4-6 mm. thick, 
acute, dense, the rachis 1-3 cm. long: pedicels 0.5-1 mm. long, their bracts deciduous : 
flowers pink or whitish : wings narrowly obovoid, 2 mm. long, scarcely mucronate, thrice 
longer than the other sepals: keel crested with a few short processes: stamens 6 : style 
short, auricled on either side of the stalked stigma, prolonged into a short tufted append- 
age: capsule rather deltoid : seeds pubescent, baka: the 2 spongy caruncle-lobes envel- 
oping the beak. 
In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 
12. Polygala incarnata L. Annual, glaucous. Stems erect or ascending, 2-7 dm. 
si simple and wand-like or branched above, striate or angled, sometimes nearly naked : 
eaves scattered ; blades linear-subulate or subulate, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, acute, fleshy, sessile : 
