688 POLYGALACEAE 
mm. broad: seeds pubescent, the 2 lobes of the caruncle collateral, diverging or straddling 
the seed, as long as the seed-body or only å as long. [P. sanguinea L.] 
In swamps, Nova Scotia and Ontario to Minnesota, south to North Carolina, Kentucky and the 
Indian Territory. Summer. 
25. Polygala Curtíssii A. Gray. Annual, glabrous throughout. Stems erect, 1-3 
dm. tall, simple or sometimes much branched : leaves alternate, more or less spreading; 
blades linear, 1-2 cm. long, acute, sessile: racemes cylindric-ovoid or subglobose, 10-13 
mm. thick, apiculate, long-peduncled : pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm. long, surpassing the persistent 
bracts : flowers rose-purple : wings narrowly ovate, or ovate-elliptie, 4 mm. long, mucro- 
nate, about 7-nerved, the midnerve thickened only at the apex: keel crested with a few 
obtuse processes: stamens 8: style markedly auricled at the almost sessile stigma, pro- 
longed into a slender curved, tufted appendage : capsule cuneate or obovate-cuneate, about 
2 mm. long : seeds 15 mm. long, pubescent, apiculate at the larger end, the 2 lobes of the 
earuncle scale-like, obovate, about } as long as the seed-body. 
In sandy soil, Pennsylvania to Kentucky, Georgia and Alabama. Summer. 
26. Polygala Hárperi Small. Annual, glabrous. Stems erect, 1.5-4 dm. tall, usually 
somewhat branched: leaves alternate, erect or the upper ones appressed ; blades linear- 
spatulate on the lower part of the stem passing to linear or linear-subulate above, 1-1.5 cm. 
long or shorter on the branches, acute or minutely subulate-tipped, sessile : racemes globose- 
ovoid, or broader than high, 10-12 mm. thick: pedicels 1.5—2.5 mm. long, twice or thrice 
as long as the deciduous bracts: flowers pink: wings elliptic, 4 mm. long, 7-nerved, the 
midnerve slightly thickened at the apex: keel crested with blunt processes: stamens 8: 
style slightly auricled at the closely sessile stigma, prolonged into a stouttufted appendage: 
capsule obovate or orbicular-obovate, 2 mm. long : seeds 1 mm. long, sparingly pubescent, 
the 2 lobes of the caruncle nearly 3 as long as the seed-body. 
In pine lands, Georgia to Louisiana. Spring and summer. 
27 Polygala Hoóker T. & G. Annual, slender, glabrous. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. 
tall, simple or branched, 4-angled: leaf-blades linear, usually in whorls of 4's, acute, the 
lower ones very small, the others 3-12 mm. long, sessile, those of the branches scattered : 
racemes long-peduncled, 7-8 mm. thick, attenuate at the apex, the rachis 1-4 cm. long: 
pedicels 1.5-2 mm. long, their persistent bracts ovate, about 3 as long as the pedicels: 
flowers pink : wings ovate-lanceolate, about 4 mm. long, mucronate, 6-nerved : keel with 
a small fimbriate crest: stamens 8: capsule orbicular or reniform-orbicular, barely 2 mm. 
long: seeds barely 1 mm. long, sparingly pubescent, the 2 lobes of the caruncle as long as 
the seed-body or longer. 
In grassy pine lands, Florida to Texas. Summer to fall. 
28. Polygala brevifdlia Nutt. Annual, glabrous throughout. Stems 1-6 dm. long, 
erect, or weak and decumbent, sometimes flexuous, simple or with spreading branches, 
4-angled : leaves in whorls of 4's except the upper ones ; blades oblanceolate, linear to 
narrowly elliptic, 1-2.5 em. long, punctate, acute : racemes rather dense, ovoid, mainly 7-8 
mm. thick, often apiculate, peduncled : pedicels 1-2 mm. long, surpassing their persistent 
bracts : flowers rose-purple : wings ovate or ovate-oblong, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, apiculate by 
the thickened excurrent midnerve : keel with a crest of a few thick processes: stamens 8: 
capsule orbicular or reniform-orbicular, 2 mm. wide: seeds 1.5 mm. long, sparingly pubes- 
cent, the 2 lobes of the caruncle about as long as the seed-body. 
In sandy swamps, Rhode Island to Florida and Mississippi. Summer and fall. 
29. Polygala cruciàta L. Annual, glabrous. Stems 0.5-4 dm. tall, more or less 
branched, 4-angled : leaves in whorls of 4’s or 5’s ; blades spatulate, linear-spatulate or almost 
linear, 1-3 em. long, acute or acutish : racemes dense, 1-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, cylin- 
dric, sessile or short-peduncled : flowers rose purplish or greenish : wings deltoid, eac 
tipped with a tail-like acumination, variable in size: keel with a crest of few, rather ma 
processes : stamens 8 : seeds about 1.5 mm. long, the caruncle-lobes as long as the seed-body 
or somewhat shorter. 
In bogs or moist soil, Maine to Minnesota, Florida and Louisiana. Summer.—A robust form 47 
the Gulf States, with relatively narrower leaf-blades, pedunculate racemes and more purple flowers, 184- 
cruciata ramósior Nash. 
30. Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. Biennial, glabrous throughout. Stems erect 
ascending, simple, solitary, or often tufted, 1-15 cm. tall, sometimes almost wanting : leave 
thick, the basal often numerous, spatulate, 1-4 cm. long, rounded or mucronate at the apes 
stem-leaves few, scattered, with narrowly spatulate or oblanceolate cuspidate badan e 
wanting: racemes subglobose or cylindric, 1-1.5 em. thick, dense, the early ones sessi 
the later ones peduncled ; rachis 2-5 em. long: flowers yellow or greenish yellow, Lyre 
dark green or nearly black in drying: wings ovate-lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, 1008 
