724 EMPETRACEAE 
B. Stigmas entire. . 
Low annuál herbs: leaves with pinnately parted blades: stamens 
twice as many as the peta S. 
Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbaceous vines: leaves with simple or 
compound blades: stamens usually as many as the petals. 
Plants with resin-bearing tissues. Fam. 4. SPONDIACEAE. 
Plants not resin- ing. 
Leaf-blades simple, pinnately veined. 
Each cavity of the ovary with a single ovule. 
Flowers in racemes : fruit capsular or leathery. Fam. 5. CYRILLACEAE, 
Flowers not racemose: fruit a drupe. Fam. 6. AQUIFOLIACEAE. 
Each cavity of the ovary with 2 or more ovules. 
Disk present: corolla present. 
Fam. 3. LIMNANTHACEAB. 
Anthers introrse: seeds arilled. Fam. 7. CELASTRACEAE. 
Anthers extrorse : seeds not arilled. Fam. 8. HIPPOCRATEACEAE. 
Disk obsolete: corolla wanting. Fam. 9. DODONAEACEAE. 
Leaf-blades simple and palmately veined or compound. 
Leaves opposite. 
Fruit capsular. 
Flowers regular: fruit a membranous, bladdery 3- 
lobed capsule: leaf-blades pinnately compound. Fam. 10. STAPHYLEACEAE. 
Flowers irr ar: fruit a leathery globular capsule: 
leaf-blades digitately compound. Fam. 11. AESCULACEAE. 
Fruit a samara. Fam. 12. ACERACEAE. 
Leaves alternate. Fam. 18. SAPINDACEAE. 
FAMILY 1. BUXACEAE Dumort. Box FAMILY. 
Shrubs, trees or perennial herbs, with a watery sap. Leaves alternate or 
opposite, often persistent: blades simple, often leathery. Flowers monoecious 
or dioecious, regular, solitary or clustered. Calyx present or wanting. Corolla 
wanting. Staminate flower with an androecium of 4-7 stamens: filaments 
distinct: anthers 2-celled.  Pistillate flower with a compound gynoecium. 
Ovary 3-celled or sometimes 2- or 4-celled. Stigmas 2 or 4, distinct. Ovules1 or 
2 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit a capsule or drupe, with 1-2-seeded car- 
pels. Endosperm fleshy, sometimes very scant. Embryo straight. 
1. PACHYSANDRA Michx. 
Herbs, with matted rootstocks and ascending or procumbent stems and branches. 
Leaves alternate, approximate, persistent, without stipules. Flowers monoecious, in spikes, 
the pistillate below the staminate, sometimes crowded. Staminate flowers with 4 sepals : 
stamens 4, opposite the sepals : filaments stout, exserted : anthers 2-celled, the sacs opening 
lengthwise. Pistillate flowers with 4 or more sepals : ovary 3-celled, the cavities partitioned 
at the base: styles 3. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule 3-celled, valvate. Seeds 2 in 
each cavity. 
1. Pachysandra procimbens Michx. Foliage finely pubescent. Stems decumbent 
or procumbent, 1-3 dm. long, stout, simple or nearly so: leaf-blades thickish, 3-12 cm. 
long, obovate, oval or ovate, obtuse or acutish, entire or coarsely toothed above the middle ; 
petioles as long as the blades or often shorter : spikes in the axils of scales, 3-10 cm. long, 
densely flowered : flowers odorous, the staminate numerous, the pistillate few at the base 
of the spike: sepals 4, ciliate, the outer ovate or elliptic, the inner oval or suborbicular, 
HE uro . long, obtuse : stamens conspicuously exserted : filaments strap-like, stout, white, 
em. long. 
.In woods, West Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. Spring. ALLEGHENY MOUNTAIN SPURGE. 
FAMILY 2. EMPETRACEAE Dumont. CowBERRY FAMILY. 
Heath-like shrubs, with erect or prostrate stems. Leaves alternate Or 
whorled, persistent, sometimes crowned : blades narrow, usually strongly revo- 
lute: stipules wanting. Flowers dioecious, or rarely polygamous, small, mp 
lary or aggregated in terminal heads. Calyx of 2-3 scale-like sepals. Corolla o 
2-3 small petals, or wanting. Staminate flowers with 2—4, mostly 3 stamens. 
Filaments slender.  Anthers 2-celled; sacs opening lengthwise. PH 
flowers : ovary subglobose, 2-several-celled ; stylesshort, united ; stigmas — 
to many-cleft. Ovules solitary in each cavity, amphitropous. Fruit drupe-li s 
with a fleshy pulp : nutlets 2-many, 1-seeded. Seeds with a thin testa and fleshy 
endosperm. Embryo cylindric, straight, axile. 
