AQUIFOLIACEAE >: 731 
petals white, obovate or oblong-obovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, obtuse: stamens included : fruit 
ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, dry and indehiscent, 3-5-winged, rarely nearly as broad as long, the 
faces and wings strongly wrinkled. [Cliftonia ligustrina Spreng. ] 
In pine-land swamps, Georgia to Florida and Louisiana. Winter and spring. 
FAMILY 6. AQUIFOLIACEAE DC. HoLLY FAMILY. 
Usually evergreen shrubs or trees, with a watery sap. Leaves alternate, 
without stipules: blades simple, entire or toothed, sometimes spiny. Inflores- 
cence normally cymose. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regular. Calyx of 
4-6 persistent imbricated sepals. Corolla white or greenish, of 4-6 deciduous 
imbricated petals which are alternate with the sepals and often united at the 
base. Androecium of 4—6 stamens inserted at the base of the corolla, alternate 
with the petals, all fertile. Filaments erect, shorter than the petals. Anthers 
introrse, the sacs opening lengthwise. Gynoecium a compound pistil. Ovary 
2-6-celled (rarely with more cavities). Stigma commonly sessile, with as many 
lobes as cavitiesin the ovary. Ovules 1-2 in each cavity, suspended, anatropous. 
Fruit a drupe with 4-8 horny or crustaceous nutlets. Seeds with a mem- 
branous testa. Endosperm fleshy, copious. Embryo cylindric and straight, 
or globose. [Jlicaceae Lowe. ] 
1. ILEX L. 
Commonly glabrous evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades entire, 
toothed or rarely spiny. Flowers sometimes inclined to be dioecious, regular, the stam- 
inate in axillary clusters, the pistillate mostly solitary. Sepals 4-6, persistent. Petals 
4-6, usually united at the base, thus forming a rotate corolla. Stamens as many as the 
petals, alternate with them: filaments distinct. Ovary 4-6-celled or rarely 7-8-celled. 
Drupe subglobose, with 4-8 horny or crustaceous nutlets. Seed without an aril. 
Nutlets smooth. : 
Leaves persistent: berries black. 
Leaf-blades shallowly crenate near the apex : drupes 4-6 mm. in diameter. 1. I. glabra. 
Leaf-blades spinescent-toothed below the apex or spine-tipped: drupes 6-8 . 
mm. in diameter. 2. I. lucida. 
Leaves deciduous: berries red or scarlet. it 
Staminate and pistillate flowers on pedicels of about equal length. 3. I. verticillata. 
Staminate flowers on conspicuously slender and long pedicels. 4. I. laevigata. 
Nutlets variously roughened. 
Leaves deciduous. - 
Staminate flowers several on à common peduncle. 5. I. Amelanchier. 
Staminate flowers solitary: or clustered, without a common peduncle. : 
Pedicel several times longer than the berry. 6. I. longipes. 
Pedicel shorter than the berry. " 
Leaf-blades normally broadest above the middle. 7. I. decidua. 
Leaf-blades normally broadest below or at the middle. 
Len blades ae or with few hairs about the nerves: calyx gla- 
rous out. a 
Leaf-blades 4-7 cm. long, eres istaec toothed : Carolinian. 8. I. Caroliniana. 
Leaf-blades 6-20 cm. long, conspicuously toothed : Alleghenian. 9. I. monticola. 
lava PE sansa densely pubescent beneath : calyx pubescent, 10. I. Beadlei. 
nt. : 
Leaf-blades entire or with a few appressed teeth near the apex. A 
Leaf-blades linear, 1-4 cm. lo; EP 11. I. myrtifolia. 
Leaf-blades oblong or UM ICONS. 4-10 em. Jong. 12. I. Cassine. 
Leaf-blades toothed : 3 
Teeth crenate. 13. I. vomitoria. 
Teeth spine-like and spreading, rarely only the terminal] one present. 14. I. opaca. 
1. Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray. An evergreen shrub, with velvety-pubescent twigs. 
Stems more or less branched, 0.5-1.5 m. tall: leaf-blades leathery, obovate, oblanceolate, 
elliptic, oval or rarely ovate, 1-5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, entire or distantly serrate above 
the middle, glabrous, deep green and lustrous above, paler and dull beneath ; petioles stout : 
owers white, the staminate in corymbs, the pistillate often solitary : sepals broadly ovate, 
rounded at the apex: corolla about 7 mm. broad ; lobes obtuse: drupes globose, 4-6 mm. 
in diameter, sek, shining. 
In sandy soil, along or near the coast, Massachusetts to Pennsylvania, Florida and Louisiana. 
g and early summer. INKBERRY. EVERGREEN WINTERBERRY. 
2. Ilex lücida (Ait.) T. & G. An evergreen shrub 1-3 m. tall, glabrous or nearly 
Sv. Leaf-blades leathery, obovate, oblong, oblong-oblanceolate, elliptic or oval, 2-9 cm. 
long, acute or usually short-acuminate, entire or appressed-serrate above the middle, dark 
