FRANGULACEAE 749 
1. Zizyphus obtusifólia (Hook.) A. Gray. A rigid spinescent much-branched 
pubescent or glabrous shrub. Leaf-blades ovate or oblong-ovate, or rarely narrowly oblong, 
1-3 em. long, acutish varying to retuse, entire or shallowly crenate, more or less abruptly 
narrowed at the base, glabrous or nearly so, a little paler beneath than above; petioles 
mainly 3-} as long as the blades: clusters rarely surpassing the petioles: peduncles and 
ps 1-2 mm. long, villous-pilose : calyx pubescent like the pedicels, about 3 mm. 
road : sepals triangular, acute: petals 5, shorter than the sepals, longer thanithe 5 stamens : 
drupe subglobose, 8-10 mm. long, black. 
On plains and prairies, Texas to Arizona. Spring. LoTIBUSH. TEXAS BUCKTHORN. 
5. KARWINSKIA Zucc. 
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite or nearly so: blades entire, prominently 
nerved : stipules deciduous. Flowers perfect, few together in axillary cymes. Hypanthium 
turbinate or hemispheric. Sepals 5, triangular, keeled within. Petals 5, hooded, clawed. 
Stamens 5, inserted with the petals under the edge of the disk which clothes the hy panthium; 
filaments subulate, surpassing the petals. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-3-celled: styles 
united almost to the apex: stigmas obtuse. Ovules 2 in eachcavity. Drupe varying from 
ovoid to subglobose, tipped with the persistent base of the style, the stone 1-2-celled. Seeds 
erect. Testa membranous, dark-veined. Endosperm thin. 
1l. Karwinskia Humboldtiana Zucc. A shrub or small tree, reaching a height of 
7 m., the twigs and young leaves sometimes puberulent. Leaf-blades firm, oblong, oval, 
oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-9 cm. long, rounded or acute at the apex, entire, 
more or less revolute, abruptly rounded or narrowed at the base, the lateral nerves promi- 
nent ; petioles slender, 5-15 mm. long: cymes about 1 cm. long: calyx glabrous, 2.5-3 mm. 
broad ; sepals triangular, about as long as the hypanthium, acute: drupes subglobose or 
oval, 10-12 mm. long, apiculate by the persistent style, brownish black. 
On dry plains or prairies, Texas to Lower California and Central America. 
6. BERCHEMIA Neck. 
Erect or high-climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, with ascending 
nerves straight and parallel : stipules small, deciduous. Flowers perfect or polygamous, 
axillary, or sometimes in terminal panicles. Hypanthium hemispheric or turbinate. 
Sepals 5. Disk clothing the hypanthium, its margin free. Petals 5, sessile, hooded. 
Stamens 5 : filaments filiform. Ovary half-immersed in the disk, but free, 2-celled : styles 
short, united: stigmas 2. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Drupe somewhat flattened, with a 
leathery sarcocarp, and a 2-celled crustaceous or woody stone. Seeds with a membranous 
testa. Endosperm wanting. 
1. Berchemia scandens (Hill) Trelease. A glabrous twining or climbing shrub. 
Stems much branched, 2-30 m. long, the branches spreading at right angles: leaf-blades 
firm, oval, elliptic, oblong, sometimes varying to lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, entire or undu- 
late-crenate, a ruptly narrowed or rounded at the base, the lateral nerves prominent ; petioles 
slender, 0.5-1 cm. long: panicles 1.5-5 em. long, terminal: calyx glabrous ; sepals 5, 
triangular or ovate-triangular, longer than the hypanthium, acute or short-acuminate : 
tals 5, obovate, acute, about as long as the sepals, sessile, the edges more or less invo- 
ute: drupes oblong or ovoid-oblong, 6-8 mm. long. [B. volubilis DC.] 
In damp soil, Virginia to Missouri, Florida and Texas. Spring. 
7. SAGERETIA Brongn. 
Armed or unarmed weak shrubs, with opposite or nearly opposite branchlets. Leaves 
opposite or nearly so: blades reticulated : stipules minute, deciduous. Flowers perfect, in 
axillary clusters or terminal panicled spikes. Sepals 5, keeled within. Disk cup-like, 
clothing the hypanthium, margin free, 5-lobed. Petals 5, clawed, hooded. Stamens 5: 
filaments distinct. Ovary immersed in the disk, free, 3-celled : style 8-grooved : stigmas 3. 
Drupe berry-like, separating into 3 leathery nutlets. Seeds elongated, not grooved. En- 
dosperm thin. 
1 Sageretia min ichx.) Trelease. A trailing or straggling spinescent 
shrub, wil ei OE ad DIE leaves, and diverdius bruseh "ei blades 
leathery, ovate or orbicular-ovate, 1-5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate or rarely sub- 
mucronate, serrulate, shining above, rounded or subcordate at the base, short-petioled : 
