750 FRANGULACEAE 
spikes slender, 1-4 cm. long, sometimes compound: calyx 2-2.5 mm. broad : sepals tri- 
angular acute, slightly longer than the tube: petals 5, orbicular-ovate, emarginate, very 
short-clawed, about 4 as long as the sepals: stamens 5, about as long as the petals: drupes: 
subglobose, often gibbous, 7-9 mm. in diameter. [S. Michauxii Brongn. ] 
Near the coast, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Spring. 
8. RHAMNUS L. 
Shrubs or trees, with unarmed branchlets. Leaves alternate: blades entire or toothed : 
stipules deciduous, many-nerved. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, axillary, often 
clustered, or in racemes or cymes. Sepals 4-5, keeled within, triangular-ovate. Disk 
lining the hypanthium, cup-like. Petals 4-5, or wanting, clawless, inserted on the margin 
of the disk, commonly concave, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the 
edge of the disk: filaments very short. Ovary 3-4-celled, nearly free : styles 2-4, united : 
at the base: stigmas often 2. Berry drupe-like, with 3-4 long or cartilaginous nutlets. : 
Seeds elongated,with a membranous or crustaceous, smooth or furrowed testa. Endo- : 
sperm fleshy. BUCKTHORN. 
Flowers usually dioecious: nutlets deeply grooved on the back: raphe dorsal: cotyledons — 
Flowers perfect: nutlets not grooved: raphe lateral: cotyledons thick. 2. R. Caroliniana. 
1. Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh. A shrub 1-2 m. tall, with puberulent branchlets 
and a smooth grayish bark.  Leaf-blades firm, oblong or oblong-lanceolate or sometimes 
oval, acute or acuminate, serrulate, abruptly acute or rounded at the base, short-petioled : 
clusters 2-3-flowered : pedicels 2-6 mm. long: calyx about 3 mm. broad; sepals usually 4, 
triangular-ovate, acute, about as long as the tube: petals suborbicular in outline, deeply 
notched at the apex, about one-half as long as the sepals : stamens as long as the petals : 
anthers obtuse: fruits globular, 5-7 mm. thick, 2-seeded : seeds furrowed on the back. 
On river banks and moist hillsides, Pennsylvania to Iowa, Alabama, Texas and Colorado. Spring. 
2. Rhamnus Caroliniàna Walt. A shrub or small tree, reaching a height of 11 m. 
and a trunk diameter of 20 cm., clothed with an ash-gray bark. Leaf-blades firm, oblong 
or elliptic or often slightly broadest above the middle, 5-12 cm. long, acute or short- 
acuminate, commonly slightly revolute, undulate or serrulate, abruptly pointed or rounded 
at the often inequilateral base, short-petioled, densely tomentose or becoming glabrous : 
umbel-like clusters few-flowered : calyx 4 mm. broad; sepals 5, triangular-ovate, acute, 
slightly shorter than the hypanthium : petals 5, notched at the apex, about 3 as long as the 
sepals : stamens 5, nearly as long as the petals: fruits subglobose, 10-11 mm. thick, black, 
3-seeded : seeds smooth on the back. 
On river banks and hillsides, Virginia to Missouri, Kansas, Florida and Texas. Spring. INDIAN 
CHERRY. YELLOW-WOOD. POLECAT-TREE. 
9. CEANOTHUS L. 
Shrubs or small trees, often armed with spines. Leaves alternate, rarely almost scale- 
like : blades commonly 3-ribbed: stipules minute, caducous. Flowers perfect, crowded in 
terminal panicels or thyrsoid cymes or umbels. Hypanthium hemispheric or urn-shaped. : 
Sepals 5, white, often triangular-ovate, membranous, converging, deciduous. Disk fill- 
ing the hypanthium. Petals 5, inserted under the disk: blades long-clawed, protruding 
between the sepals, strongly hooded. Stamens 5, exserted: filaments filiform. Ovary 
immersed in the disk, somewhat cohering, or distinct, 3-celled : styles short, united 
below : stigmas 3, terminal or lateral. Drupe berry-like, 3-lobed, with a thin epicarp, sep- 
arating into 3 crustaceous, or cartilagenous nutlets. Seeds flattened, with a smooth crusta- 
ceous testa. Endosperm fleshy. 
Leaf-blades entire, fleshy. (0 1. €. microphyllus. 
Leaf-blades toothed, membranous or nearly so. ; i ifoli 
A low decumbent shrub: leaves 5-10 mm, long, persistent. 2. C. serpyllifolius. 
Erect shrubs : leaves deciduous. 
-Common peduncles abbreviated. 
Twigs and branchlets viscid-puberulent: lower surfaces of the leaf-blades 
glabrous or with few scattered hairs. _ 3 C cranes. : 
Twigs and branchlets copiously pubescent : lowersurfaces of the leaf-blades : 
PUMA id and permanently pubescent. 4. C. pubescens. 
mon peduncles elongated, ; ; 
Leaves 1-3 em. long. "i 5. C. intermedius. 
Leaves 3-10 em. long. 6. C. Americanus. - 
