762 MALVACEAE 
8. Tilia leptophylla (Vent.) Small. A tree, resembling 7. pubescens in habit, but 
with relatively smaller, and thin and less copiously pubescent leaf-blades: bracts smaller, 
4-7 cm. long, almost glabrous beneath or thinly pubescent: flowers and fruit smaller. 
In woods, Louisiana and Texas. Spring. 
FAMILY 2. MALVACEAE Neck. MALLOW FAMILY. 
Herbs, shrubs or rarely trees, of great economic importance, the vege- 
tative parts destitute of any unwholesome substance. Foliage often pubescent 
with simple or branching hairs. Leaves alternate, stipulate: blades palmately 
nerved and often lobed, usually crenate or toothed. Inflorescence axillary, 
racemose, paniculate or corymbose, sometimes congested. Flowers regular, per- 
fect, often subtended by an involucre resembling a second calyx. Calyx of 5 
more or less united sepals, these valvate, mostly persistent. Corolla of 5 hypog- 
ynous convolute petals, these alternate with the sepals, united : blades often in- 
equilateral. Androecium of numerousstamens. Filaments monadelphous, united 
with the claws of the petals. Anthers reniform, 1-celled. Pollen-grains hispid. 
Gynoecium of several carpels. Ovary several-celled, or the several pistils dis- 
tinct. Styles terminal. Stigmas capitate. Ovules amphitropous or semianat- 
ropous, pendulous or ascending, inserted in the inner angles of the cavities. 
Fruit capsular, or the carpels separate or separable. Seeds solitary or numer- 
ous, with a crustaceous, smooth or rough sometimes pubescent testa. Endo- 
sperm scant, fleshy, mucilaginous. Embryo large, curved or folded, with folia- 
ceous cotyledons. 
Fruit of several radially disposed carpels, which separate from each other at maturity. 
c as many as there are stigmas. f 
arpels 2-several-seeded. 
arpels 1-celled. 
Carpels leathery or parchment-like, never bladdery. 1, ABUTILON. 
Carpels membranous, bladder-like. 2. GAYOIDES. 
Carpels 2-celled, sometimes imperfectly so. 
Involucel wanting. 3 
Involucel of 3 bractlets. 4 
Carpels 1-seeded. 
Stigmas decurrent on the inner side of the styles. 
Petals notched at the apex : carpels beakless, without internal processes. 
Petals erose at the apex: carpels beaked, with an internal process 
above the seed. 
Stigmas terminal, capitate. 
Involucel of 2-3 bractlets. 
Involucel wanting. 
Carpels % as many as there are stigmas. 
. WISSADULA. 
. MODIOLA. 
. MALVA. 
. MALVASTRUM. 
5. 
6. CALLIRRHOE. 
7 
8. SIDA. 
Carpels dry, achene-like. 
nvolucel wanting : inflorescence capitate. 9. MALACHRA. 
Involucel of several bractlets: inflorescence axillary or racemose. 
Involucel of 5 partially united bractlets: carpels spiny all over. 10. URENA. 
Involucel of 5-15 distinct bractlets : carpels unarmed or with 1-3 spines 
on the back. 11. PAVONIA. ü 
Carpels forming a drupe-like berry, but separating at maturity. 12. MALVAVISCU! 
Fruit a loeulicidal capsule, or rarely indehiscent. 
Styles distinct, spreading: seeds usually reniform. 2 
Capsules as long as broad or much longer, the cavities 2-many-seeded. 13. HIBISCUS. xk 
Capsules much depressed, the cavities 1-seeded. M. KOSTELETZEY 
Styles united : seeds not reniform. 
Bractlets of the involucels entire, rather inconspicuous. 
Las dd seu srholly united or nearly so: capsules indebiscent. iac 15. THESPESIA. 
ru PE x" 3 sepals merely united at the base: capsules loculicidally u CIENFUEG olá. 
Bractlets of the involucels laciniate, conspicuous. 17. GOSSYPIUM. 
1. ABUTILON Gaertn. 
Herbs, shrubs or rarely trees, with softly pubescent foliage and branching stems. 
Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, angled or lobed, usually cordate at the base. 
Flowers perfect, mostly axillary. Involucel wanting. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, 
: of various colors, often yellow, distinct. Carpels 5-30. Styles filiform or club-shaped. 
Stigmas terminal. Ovules 3-9 in each cavity. Carpels 1-celled, leathery or xoci 
like, not bladdery, disposed about a central axis, more or less prominently beaked, 2-valv 
