MALVACEAE 765 
merely constricted at the middle. Styles short. Stigmas terminal. Ovules 1 or 2 and 
horizontal, or ascending in the divergent and 2-valved upper portion, and solitary and pen- 
dulous in the lower portion. Seeds minutely pitted and often with groups of hairs. 
Plant minutely pubescent: calyx shorter than the carpels: petals less than 5 mm. long. 
1. W. periplocifolia 
Plant densely velvety-tomentose : calyx surpassing the carpels: petals over 10mm. long. 
2. W. holosericea. 
1. Wissadula periplocifólia (L.) Griseb. Plant minutely and inconspicuously 
pubescent. Stems 1-2 m. tall, paniculately branched : leaf-blades orbicular-ovate to lance- 
olate, commonly 5-10 cm. long, acuminate, entire or merely undulate, deep green and 
glabrate above, cordate: petioles as long as the blades or shorter: panicles often ample: 
calyx 2-4 mm. long, not accrescent: lobes acute: petals pale yellow, 4-5 mm. long: fruit 
5-6 mm. high, conspicuously surpassing the calyx: carpels mucronate: seeds 3-4, the 
lower one pubescent, the upper puberulent. 
On hillsides or in dry soil, southern Texas and adjacent Mexico. Also in the West Indies and 
South America, and Africa. 
2. Wissadula holosericea (Scheele) Garcke. Plant densely velvety tomentose, 
heavy scented. Stems 1-2 m. tall, branching: leaf-blades ovate to suborbicular in outline, 
5-25 cm. long, acute or usually acuminate, more or less distinctly dentate and often 3-lobed, 
cordate: petioles usually shorter than the blades: peduncles solitary : calyx accrescent : 
lobes triangular-ovate, about as long as the tube, acute: petals orange-yellow, 14-18 mm. 
long: carpels pubescent, 6 mm. high, surpassed by the calyx-lobes: seeds granular- 
pitted, glabrous. 
In rocky soil, Texas and adjacent Mexico. 
4. MODIOLA Moench. 
Annual or perennial herbs, with prostrate creeping stems or branches. Leaves alter- 
nate: blades palmately divided, angular, or lobed. Involucel of three distinct bractlets. 
Flowers perfect, inconspicuous, pedicelled, axillary. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, 
mostly broadest above the middle, entire. Carpels many. Styles filiform : stigmas capi- 
tate. Ovules 2, in each cavity of the transversely septate carpels. Mature carpels dis- 
posed about a central axis, 2-valved, each valve slender-tipped. Seeds reniform, two in each 
carpel, that is, 1 in each cavity. 
1. Modiola Caroliniàna (L.) G. Don. Annual or biennial, strigose or hirsute- 
Stems branched at the base, the branches spreading, 1-7 dm. long, usually branched : leaf- 
blades ovate to suborbicular in outline, pedately or palmately 3—-cleft or parted, 2-6 cm. 
long, the divisions coarsely serrate or incised : petioles shorter than the blades: peduncles 
mostly longer than the subtending petioles: bractlets of the involucels broadest above the 
middle or below it: calyx surpassing the bractlets; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acu- 
minate, longer than the tube: petals obovate or oval-obovate, 6-10 mm. long: carpels in 
a depressed head. [M. multifida Moench. ] 
In waste places, Virginia to Florida and Texas. Also in Central and South America. Summer. 
5. MALVA L. 
Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, usually with pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate : 
blades lobed or dissected. Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils or rarely in terminal 
spikes or racemes. Involucel of 3 or rarely 2 distinct bractlets. Sepals 5, partially united. 
Petals 5, of various colors, emarginate, sometimes eroded. Carpels many, 1-celled. Styles 
9-20, stigmatic on the inner side. Ovules solitary. Mature carpels reniform, numerous, 
indehiscent, disposed around a central axis, forming a disk-like fruit, beakless. Seeds 
ascending. Embryo circular. MALLOW. 
Corolla less than 2 em. broad : bractlets linear to lanceolate. 
Branches erect or ascending : carpels glabrous and reticulated on the back. 1. M. parviftora. 
co Branches procumbent : roe is finely Dübescant and smooth on the back. 2. M. rotundifolia. 
rolla over 2 cm. broad : bractlets oblong to ovate-lanceolate. 8. M. sylvestris. 
. Malva parvifldra L. Annual, glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Stems branched : 
leaf-blades reniform or suborbicular, angulately or obtusely lobed, crenate, cordate : petioles 
usually several times longer than the blades: calyx widely spreading at maturity but 
clasping the fruit in drying; lobes triangular, acute: petals whitish or purple-tinged, 
3.5-7 mm. long: fruit 7-8 mm. broad: carpels glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. long, sharply trans- 
Verse-rugose on the back, the margins slightly winged and denticulate. 
2 ane places, British Columbia to California Texas Florida and Mexico. Naturalized from 
. ummer, * 
