802 VIOLACEAE 
8. Viola villósa Walt. Plant low in habit, with a short rootstock : leaves more or 
less appressed to the ground ; blades reniform or orbicular with a narrow sinus, crenate, 
obtuse, 2.5-6 cm. wide, dark green, often purple-veined above, hirsute with silvery 
pubescence, particularly above : scapes exceeding the leaves: corolla reddish purple, 10- 
16 mm. wide: sepals obtuse, lanceolate : capsules oblong, 6-8 mm. long : cleistogenes on 
short horizontal peduncles. 
ue In dry but rich woods and on hillsides, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Georgia and Alabama. 
pring. 
9. Viola Carolina Greene. Plant low, depressed, from a stout rootstock : leaves of 
thick texture, the blades and petioles of nearly equal length, the former cordate-ovate, 
very obtuse, with rounded basal lobes and a narrow sinus, the surface minutely hirsutulous, 
the margins crenulate ; petioles usually densely villous: scapes scarcely exceeding the 
leaves: sepals ovate-oblong : corolla blue, 1-2 cm. broad, the petals obovate-oblong ; 
spur large and broadly saccate : capsules oblong. 
In dry ground, North Carolina to Mississippi. Spring. 
10. Viola Langloisii Greene. Plant low, 4-16 cm. high, spreading, from a short erect 
rootstock : leaves of firm texture, glabrous ; blades from reniform-cordate to deltoid-trian- 
gular, acute, crenate-dentate, 2-4 cm. long, somewhat shorter than the petioles: scapes 
exceeding the leaves: corolla large, light blue, with a blunt spur: sepals narrowly lan- 
ceolate. 
In moist woods, Mississippi to Texas. Spring. 
11. Viola Alabaménsis Pollard. Plant low, from a slender, nearly vertical root- 
stock : leaves small, sparsely hirsute ; blades 1.5-2 cm. long, suborbicular, cordate at base, 
the slender petiole often twice as long : scape much exceeding the leaves : corolla purple, 
2.5 em. broad: petals oblong, the margins obscurely erose or fimbriate: sepals small, 
ovate-lanceolate : cleistogenes not observed. 
In dry open copses, Cullman and Sucksville, Alabama. Spring. 
12. Viola affinis Le Conte. Plant slender and usually solitary, 1-2.5 dm. high, 
from a short ascending rootstock: leaves dark green, glabrous or somewhat pubescent ; 
blades long-petioled, cordate-ovate, usually attenuate at apex, with a deep sinus at base, 
the margins crenate-dentate, 2.5-7 cm. broad, usually spreading at a right angle from the 
petiole : scapes about as long as the leaves: corolla pale blue : capsules oblong-oval : cleis- 
togenes on filiform deflexed peduncles. [V. obliqua Hill. ] 
In rich shady woods, New York to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 
13. Viola papilionàcea Pursh. Plant stout, with bright green glabrous foliage, 
from a branching caudex: blades of the leaves 5-13 cm. long, from ovate to reniform, 
mostly cucullate, cordate at base, the margins crenate: scapes at flowering time exceed- 
ing the leaves: corolla 1.5-2.5 cm. broad, deep violet purple, the two upper petals re- 
flexed, the keel petal smaller than the others : sepals lanceolate : capsules oblong. 
In meadows and woodlands, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia andJAlabama. Spring. . 
14. Viola Missouriénsis Greene. Habit of the next preceding species: blades o 
the earlier leaves obtuse, subcordate ; those of the later from deltoid to hastate-triangular, 
glabrous, 4-7 em. long, the margins remotely crenate-serrate: scapes not surpassing the 
leaves : sepals oblong-lanceolate, ciliolate : corolla from pale violet to nearly white, the 
petals obovate and obtuse: cleistogenes short-pedunculate, frequently hypogaeous. 
In woods, Missouri to Arkansas and Texas. Spring. 
15. Viola fimbriátula J. E. Smith. Plant tufted, densely villous: leaf-blades ex- 
ceeding the petioles, from ovate-lanceolate and ovate-hastate to oblong, obscurely crenate 
on the margin, the base truncate or subcordate, occasionally incised or even saree : 
scapes exceeding the leaves: corolla blue, 8-14 mm. broad, the petals oblong : capsules 
oval: cleistogenes borne on erect peduncles. [V. ovata Nutt.] 
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Missouri, Georgia and Louisiana. Spring. 
16. Viola sagittata Ait. Plant strict, from a stout erect rootstock : leaves priam 
or with very slight traces of pubescence ; blades sagittate, ovate-lanceolate or ob ssi 
lanceolate, acute, crenate-dentate toward the apex, the base subcordate or truncate heirs 
laciniately toothed or incised auricles : scapes shorter than the leaves : corolla dark purp'^» 
the petals entire: capsules prismatic: cleistogenes on erect peduncles. 
In wet meadows and marshes, Maine to Michigan, Georgia and Alabama. Spring. ed] 
17. Viola amorphophylla Pollard. Plant spreading in habit, from a stout beer 
rootstock, glabrous throughout, and succulent: blades of the leaves elliptica] or 0 m 
elliptical, the margins entire or obscurely crenate near the obtuse apex, the base roun 
or slightly tapering, rarely with small auricles or incisions ; petioles mostly shorter than 
