804 VIOLACE AE 
one-third as long as the blades: scapes shorter than the leaves, with long filiform scales : 
corolla white, the petals small and narrow, thickly beset with brown veins. 
In moist pine lands, Florida to Texas. Spring. 
27. Viola hastata Michx. Stem simple, erect, glabrous, 1-3 dm. high, from a short 
horizontal and succulent tuberous rootstock : cauline leaves short-petioled, borne near the 
summit of the stem, the blades hastate or ovate-hastate, 2-10 cm. long, denticulate or 
repand, acute ; basal leaves when present larger, cordate : corolla yellow, 8-16 mm. wide, 
= spur short : lateral petals bearded : sepals acute, linear-lanceolate : capsules 8-10 mm. 
ong. 
In woods in upland regions, Pennsylvania and Ohioto Florida and Alabama. Spring and summer. 
28. Viola tripartita Ell. Stem stout, erect, tall, 2-4 dm. high, from a thick hori- 
zontal rootstock with numerous fibrous roots: leaves 3-5, borne near the summit of the 
stem: blades various, an occasional one rhombic-ovate, entire, the majority deeply 3-5- 
lobed or digitately 3-5-divided, the segments pubescent or glabrate, oblong-lanceolate, 
tapering to base, obtuse at apex, the margins remotely denticulate ; stipules in pairs, scarious, 
ovate, persistent : peduncles exceeding the leaves at flowering time: corolla yellow, 1.5-2 
cm. broad, faintly veined: sepals linear, acuminate: capsules prismatic, glabrous, often 
bracteate. 
In rich woods, North Carolina and Tennessee to Georgia, Florida and Alabama. Spring and early 
summer.— V. tripartita glabérrima (Ging.) Harper is similar to the type, but with the leaf-blades merely 
toothed, darker green and glabrous: corolla more conspicuously marked with brown veins; it occurs 
with the type. 
29. Viola tenüipes Pollard. Stem simple, erect, low, 8-15 em. high, from a root- 
stock similar to that of V. tripartita: leaves 3-5, borne at the summit of the stem ; blades 
glabrate, ovate-lanceolate or hastate-lanceolate, with truncate base and acute apex, the 
margins repand-denticulate, finely ciliate ; stipules ovate, membranaceous ; petiole much 
shorter than the blade: flowers on filiform peduncles greatly exceeding the leaves : corolla 
yellow, 1.5 cm. broad: petals narrow, beardless, and quite free from markings : sepals 
irregular, from linear to linear-ovate : capsules ovoid. [ V. hastata var. glaberrima Chapm. } 
In dry soil. Georgia to northern Florida and Alabama. Spring. 
30. Viola pubéscens Ait. Stem simple, erect, usually villous-pubescent, bearing 
the cauline leaves near the summit: basal leaves with long petioles, usually absent at 
lowering time ; blades of the cauline leaves ovate-reniform, 5-12 cm. broad, acute or 
abruptly attenuate, pubescent, the margins crenate-dentate ; petioles shorter than the 
blades : sepals oblong-lanceolate : corolla bright yellow, 12-16 mm. broad, the petals very 
eh marked with purple veins: capsule oblong, glabrous or white-tomentose, 10-16 
mm. long. 
In woods, Quebec to South Dakota south ward, especially in the mountains, to South Carolina and 
Tennessee. Spring. 
31. Viola scabriüscula (T. & G.) Schwein. Stems several, clustered, ascending or 
somewhat decumbent, glabrous: basal leaves more or less persistent, the blades broadly 
ovate, long-petioled: cauline leaves with blades from cordate-ovate to reniform, acute, 
glabrous, 2.5-6 cm. broad, the margins crenate: sepals linear-lanceolate : corolla pale 
yellow, 10-16 mm. broad, the petals conspicuously purple-veined : capsule oval, glabrous 
or white-tomentose, 6-10 mm. long. 
. In woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba and southward, especially along the mountains, to South Caro- 
lina and Tennessee. Spring. 
32. Viola Canadénsis L. Stems clustered, leafy, ascending, 0.7-4 dm. high : leaves 
short-petioled, glabrous, the blades cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, 2.5-6 cm. long, the 
margins serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire: corolla white or pale violet, 1-2 em. 
broad: lateral petals purple-veined, bearded : sepals linear, acuminate: capsule oval, 
glabrous, 6-8 mm. long. 
In woods, Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, North Carolina and Nebraska. Spring and summer. 
. S3. Viola striata Ait. Stems clustered, glabrous, leafy, usually decumbent, becom- 
ing fully 6 dm. long in late summer : leaves with slender petioles, the blades ovate OF 
suborbicular, 2.5-6 cm. broad, somewhat pubescent, the later ones acute ; stipules large, 
ovate, dentate or laciniate: flowers long-peduncled: corolla white or cream-colored, 
occasionally bluish, 1-2 cm. broad: petals marked with darker veins, the lateral ones 
bearded: capsule ovoid, glabrous. 
In rich or dry woods, Ontario to Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. Spring. 
34. Viola multicaülis (T. & G.) Britton. Stems slender, clustered, prostrate vi 
decumbent, 5-20 cm. long : leaves numerous, slender-petioled ; blades finely puberulent, 
orbicular, cordate at base with a narrow sinus, often mottled or dark-veined, 2.5-4 cm. 
