810 OPUNTIACEAE 
3. Touterea stricta (Osterhout) Rydb. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, more or less corymbose 
above: leaf-blades oblong to lanceolate, 2-11 cm. long, sinuate-pinnatifid, the teeth broad, 
obtuse: sepals lanceolate from a broad base, about j as long as the mature hypanthium : 
petals ochroleucous or straw-colored, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, gradually pointed : capsules stout, 
about 10 mm. thick. 
In dry or stony soil, South Dakota to Nebraska, Colorado and Texas. 
3. EUCNIDE Zucc. 
Annual or biennial herbs, sometimes with succulent tissues. Foliage armed with 
stinging and barbed pubescence. Stems often weak, widely branched. Leaves alternate: 
blades broad, toothed or shallowly lobed, or both, commonly long-petioled. Flowers soli- 
tary or in cymes. Hypanthium elongating in age. Sepals 5. Petals 5, united at the 
base. Stamens numerous : filaments united into a ring at the base and adnate to the pet- 
als with which they are deciduous. Ovary with 5 parietal placentae. Style 5-lobed. 
Ovules numerous. Capsule broadened upward, 5-valved at the top. Seeds numerous. 
5. Bucnide bartonioides Zucc. Delicate, succulent, the foliage softly and rather 
thinly hirsute. Stems weak, usually much branched, the branches 1-4 dm. long, spread- 
ing and often decumbent : leaf-blades suborbicular, 3-8 cm. in diameter, cordate, coarsely 
toothed and shallowly lobed ; petioles as long as the blades or longer : pedicels surpassing 
the petioles, 5-15 cm. long, simple: hypanthium bristly-hirsute: sepals lanceolate to 
linear-lanceolate, much longer than the hypanthium : petals 5, yellow, oblanceolate to 
spatulate-oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long : stamens exserted : capsules turbinate, 1.5-2 cm. long. 
In valleys, from the Colorado River, Texas to New Mexico and northern Mexico. 
4. CEVÁLLIA Lag. 
Herbs, resembling species of Scabiosa, with pale-pubescent and bristly stinging foliage, 
and papery bark. Leaves alternate: blades sinuate-pinnatifid, rigid. Flowers collected in 
terminal, hemispheric heads. Hypanthium, like the calyx and petals, plumose-pubescent. 
Sepals 5, narrow, much longer than the hypanthium. Petals 5, narrow, about as long as 
the sepals. Stamens 5: filaments short: anthers pubescent, with the connective produced 
into a narrow tubular appendage. Ovary 1-celled, inferior: style short : stigma capitate. 
Ovule solitary, suspended. Capsule indehiscent, crowned with the persistent plumose perl- 
anth. Seed solitary. 
1. Cevallia sinuata Lag. Bark pale, armed like the rest of the plant with stinging 
hairs. Stems 1-8 dm. tall, more or less branched : stem-leaves alternate, 2-8 cm. long; 
blades pinnatifid or sinuate-pinnatifid, scabrous or strigose above, tomentose beneath, the 
segments obtuse or acutish : heads 2-2.5 cm. broad, plumose as are all the members: hy- 
panthium about 5 mm. high: calyx plumose-pubescent : sepals 5, linear, much longer 
than the hypanthium : petals 5, linear, 7-9 mm. long: filaments 5, shorter than the pet- 
als: capsules about 5 mm. long: seeds 3-3.5 mm. long. 
In dry soil or on hillsides, Texas to New Mexico and Mexico. 
FAMILY 2. OPUNTIACEAE H.B.K. Cacrus FAMILY. 
Sueculent shrubby plants, mostly peculiar to America, usually copiously 
furnished with spines, which arise from cushions of small or minute bristles 
(areolae). Leaves usually wanting. Stems depressed, globose, columnar and terete 
or angled, or flattened and jointed or continuous. Inflorescence often axillary 
or lateral. Flowers usually large and showy, perfect, solitary. Calyx of few or 
numerous imbricated sepals, the inner series petal-like. Corolla of numerous 
petals in 2 or many series. Androecium of numerous stamens in several series. 
Filaments filiform, sometimes cohering with the base of the petals. Anthers 
introrse. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 
several parietal placentae. Styles united, terminal, simple, elongated or pyram- 
idal. Stigmas of the same number as the placentae, variable in shape. ONS 
numerous, anatropous, horizontal. Fruit a fleshy berry, or rarely dry, n: 
or more or less spiny. Seeds numerous, shining or tubercled, often with a dar 
more or less furrowed testa. Embryo curved, or thick, fleshy and rounded, in 
scant or copious endosperm. [Cactaceae Lindl.] 
