NYSSACEAE 853 
fruiting pedicels curved, 4-9 cm. long : drupes oblong or oblong-obovate, nearly 3 cm. long, 
dark purple, acid : stone with about 10 sharp ridges, slightly flattened. [N. uniflora Wang. ] 
In river swamps, Virginia to Missouri, Florida and Texas. Spring. TUPELO GUM. COTTON GUM. 
3. SVIDA Opiz. 
Shrubs or trees with a hard close-grained wood. Branches mostly opposite. Leaves 
opposite or rarely alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect, in naked dichotomous 
cymes. Sepals 4.  Petals 4, valvate, elongated, white. Stamens 4: filaments filiform or 
subulate. Ovary 2- or rarely 3-celled. Drupe with a thin pulp: stone crustaceous or 
bony, 2-seeded. Seeds variously flattened, with a membranous testa. CORNEL. Dog- 
WOOD. 
Leaves alternate. 1. S. alternifolia. 
Leaves opposite. 
Lower leaf-surfaces glabrous. ; 
Twigs gray : drupes white: stones broader than high. 2. S. candidissima. 
Twigs reddish brown: drupes pale blue: stones mostly longer than broad. 3. S. stricta. 
Lower leaf-surfaces with straight or curled hairs. 
Stones longer than broad: drupes 3-4 mm, in diameter. ; 
Leaf-blades membranous, those below a peduncle oblong or oval. 4. S. microcarpa. 
Leaf-blades leathery, those below a peduncle ovate to ovate-lanceolate. 5. S. Priceae. 
Stones broader than long: drupes 6-8 mm. in diameter. r 
Sepals much shorter than the hypanthium: drupe white: stone sharply pee 
4-angled. 6. S. asperifolia. 
Sepals about as long as the hypanthium: drupe pale-blue: stone slightly 
angled. 7. S. Amomum. 
1. Svida alternifdlia (L. f.) Small. A shrub or tree sometimes 9 m. tall, with a 
smooth or shallowly fissured bark. Leaves alternate ; blades elliptic or oval, varying to 
ovate or obovate, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate at both ends or rounded at the base, promi- 
nently nerved, sparingly pubescent when young glabrous in age, whitish beneath ; petioles 
slender, 1-5 cm. long: cymes open, 5-10 cm. broad: hypanthium ME: sepals 
minute, acute: corolla 7 mm. broad: petals oblong-ovate, recurved, thickened at the 
apex: drupe depressed-globose, 8-10 mm. broad, blue-black : stone broader than high, 
obovoid, 5-6 mm. broad, with many longitudinal furrows. [Cornus alternifolia L. f.] 
On hillsides, New Brunswick to Minnesota, south to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 
2. Svida candidíssima (Marsh.) Small. A slender shrub 1-5 m. tall, with gray 
glabrous branchlets. Leaves opposite ; blades firm, elliptic or lanceolate, 4-15 cm. long, 
acute or acuminate at both ends, sparingly appressed-pubescent or glabrous, pale or glau- 
cescent beneath; petioles 6-18 mm. long: cymes 3-6 cm. broad, loose, paniculate : 
hypanthium urn-shaped : sepals triangular, acute : corolla 6-7 mm. broad : petals oblong 
or oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse: stamens sometimes longer than the petals : drupe 
subglobose, white, 4-5 mm. in diameter : stone broader than high, 3-4 mm. broad, slightly 
oblique, faintly ribbed and furrowed. [Cornus candidissima Marsh. ] 
In rich or dry soil, Maine and Ontario to Minnesota, south to Georgia and Nebraska. Spring. 
3. Svida stricta (Lam.) Small. A shrub or tree 2-5 m. tall, with reddish brown 
twigs and glabrous or sparingly pubescent foliage. Leaves opposite ; blades elliptic, oval 
or ovate, 4-12 cm. long, firm, acuminate at both ends or acute at the base, undulate, paler 
beneath than above ; petioles 5-10 mm. long, often sparingly appressed-pubescent : cymes 
3-6 em. broad, flat-topped : hypanthium urn-shaped : sepals triangular, about 0.5 mm. 
long, acute: corolla 5-6 mm. broad: petals linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, acutish : 
drupe subglobose, 5-6 mm. in diameter, pale blue : stone mostly longer than broad, slightly 
oblique, faintly ribbed, hardly furrowed. [Cornus stricta Lam. ] 
In swamps, Virginia to Missouri, Florida and Texas. Spring. 
4. Svida microcárpa (Nash) Small. A shrub 3-4 m. tall, with recurved stems, 
branched above, the twigs brownish, sparingly pubescent. Leaves opposite ; blades thin- 
nish, oval or elliptic, 3-9 cm. long, acute at each end and acuminate at the apex, appressed- 
pubescent on both sides, the hairs on the lower surface more or less curled ; petioles 2-10 
mm. long: cymes 2-5 cm. broad, pubescent : hypanthium pubescent, urn-shfped : sepals 
triangular, acute : corolla 5 mm. broad : petals ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, re- 
curved, rather obtuse: stamens slightly longer than the petals : drupe subglobose, 4 mm. 
in diameter, light blue: stone much longer than broad, very slightly compressed, slightly 
oblique. [Cornus microcarpa Nash. ] 
In low woods, Georgia and Florida. Spring. 
