CLETHRACEAE 877 
Calyx of 2-8, often 5 partially united sepals. Corolla of 2-8, often 5, more or 
less united petals or these occasionally distinct. Androecium of as many sta- 
mens as there are petals or twice as many, sometimes partially reduced to stam- 
inodia, mostly free from the corolla. Gynoecium of several united carpels. 
Ovary superior or inferior, 1-several-celled. Styles united. Fruit capsular, 
baccate or drupaceous. 
Stamens free and separate. 
Gynoecium superior: fruit capsular, sometimes fleshy but not truly baccate or drupaceous. 
Corolla of essentially distinct petals. 
Ovary 3-celled: shrubs or trees: leaves deciduous. Fam. 1. CLETHRACEAE. 
Ovary 4-5-celled : low evergreen herbs or saprophytes. 
Herbaceous perennials with persistent green leaves. Fam. 2. PYROLACEAE. 
Herbaceous saprophytes destitute of green leaves. Fam. 3. MONOTROPACEAE. 
Corolla of manifestly united petals. 
Herbaceous saprophytes destitute of green leaves. Fam. 3. MONOTROPACEAE, 
Shrubs or trees with deciduous or persistent green leaves. Fam. 4. ERICACEAE. 
Gynoecium inferior: fruit baccate or drupaceous. Fam. 5. VACCINIACEAE. 
Stamens adnate to the corolla-tube, or partially united into a lobed tube. 
Caulescent plants: staminodia wanting. Fam. 6. DIAPENSIACEAE. 
Scapose plants: staminodia present. Fam. 7. GALACACEAE. 
FAMILY 1. CLETHRACEAE Klotzsch. WHITE ALDER FAMILY. 
Shrubs or trees, with stellately branched pubescence. Leaves alternate, de- 
ciduous: blades simple, often toothed, pinnately nerved. Flowers perfect, in 
showy terminal, elongated racemes or panicles. Sepals 5, imbricated, persistent. 
Corolla white, of 5 essentially distinct imbricated deciduous petals, these usually 
broadest above the middle. Stamens 10. Filaments slender. Anthers sagittate, 
inverted in anthesis: sacs opening by apical pores. Pollen of simple grains, 
Disk obsolete. Ovary superior, 3-celled, pubescent, 3-lobed. Styles united, 
topped by a 3-lobed stigma. Ovules numerous. Fruit a subglobose 3-lobed 
loculicidally 3-valved capsule, the valves 2-cleft at maturity. 
1. CLETHRA L. 
Characters of the family. PEPPERBUSH. 
Leaves glabrous or nearly so: both filaments and style glabrous. 1. C. alnifolia. 
Leaves pubescent, at least beneath : either filaments or style glabrous. 
Sepals obtuse : filaments glabrous or nearly so: style pubescent: capsules depressed. 2. C. tomentosa. 
Sepals acute: filaments pubescent: style glabrous: capsules ovoid. 3. C. acuminata, 
1. Clethra alnifólia L. A shrub 1-3 m. tall, with erect or ascending branches and 
sparingly pubescent twigs. Leaf-blades obovate or cuneate, 3-8 cm. long, usually acute or 
short-acuminate at the apex, sharply serrate, at least beyond the middle, glabrous or nearly 
so on both sides, short-petioled : racemes erect, canescent, 5-15 cm. long, simple or panicu- 
lately branched : pedicels 1-3 mm. long, subtended by narrow bracts: flowers fragrant: 
mid oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long, obtuse or sometimes acute, longitudi- 
nally ridged in age: corolla white, 8-9 mm. broad: petals oblong or cuneate-oblong, 5-6 
mm. broad, hooded and often notched at the apex: filaments glabrous: style glabrous : 
capsule subglobose, about 3 mm. in diameter, erect or ascending. 
In swamps and moist woods, Maine to New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Florida. Summer. SWEET 
PEPPERBUSH. WHITE ALDER. 
2. Clethra tomentósa Lam. A shrub 1-3 m. tall, with tomentose foliage, the branches 
erect or ascending. Leaf-blades obovate, narrowly or broadly cuneate, 4-10 cm. long, acute 
or short-acuminate, abruptly serrate, mainly above the middle, more or less pubescent 
above, densely white-tomentose beneath, short-petioled: racemes solitary or paniculate, 
6-15 cm. long: pedicels 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the narrow subtending bracts : flowers 
fragrant: sepals ovate or ovate-oblong, 3-3.5 mm. long, slightly ridged in age: petals 
white, spatulate or oblong-spatulate, 5-6 mm. long, concave above: filaments glabrous or 
nearly so: style pubescent : capsule depressed-globose, 4-4.5 mm. broad, drooping. 
In swamps, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Summer. 
3. Clethra acuminata*Michx. A shrub, or a small tree, with a maximum height of 
6 m., the branches erect or rarely spreading. Leaves crowded near thee nds of branchlets ; 
blades thinnish, oval or elliptic, 10-20 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, finely serrate 
except the cuneate or rounded base, deep green above, paler and more or less pubes- 
