MONOTROPACEAE. 879 
erect, loculicidally 5-valved from the top; valves not cobwebby on the margins. Seeds 
numerous, with the loose testa somewhat produced at both ends. 
Leaves variegated, broadest below the middle: sepals longer than broad. 1. C. maculata. 
*Leaves not variegated, broadest above the middle: sepals as broad as long. 2. C. umbellata. 
1. Chimaphila maculata ( L.) Pursh. Leaf-blades ovate or lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 
acute or obtusish, distantly serrate with somewhat spreading teeth, short-petioled, dark 
green, variegated with pale green above: peduncles 5-12dm. long: flowers wax-like, nod- 
ding, 2-5 in a terminal cluster or sometimes solitary, on pedicels 1-3 cm. long: sepals 5, 
ovate, 4-5 mm. long, green, ciliolate: petals 5, oblong or suborbicular, 10-12 mm. long, 
ciliolate, concave, more or less reflexed : filaments dilated below, with 2 tufts of hairs 
below the middle: anthers tan-colored: capsules depressed, 7-8 mm. broad. 
In woods, Maine to Minnesota, Georgia and Mississippi. Summer. SPOTTED WINTERGREEN. 
2. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Leaf-blades deep green, oblanceolate, cuneate 
or obovate-cuneate, 2-10 cm. long, obtuse or acute, sharply serrate, shining above, paler 
beneath, short-petioled : peduncles erect, 5-15 cm. tall, glabrous or nearly so, corymbosely 
branched above: pedicels 1-2 cm. long, erect or ascending: sepals half-orbicular or orbicu- 
lar-ovate, 2 mm. long, obtuse, erose-ciliate : petals suborbicular or orbicular-obovate, erose 
along the edges: filaments glabrous: capsules depressed-globose, 7-8 mm. broad. 
In dry woods, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Georgia, Mexicoand California. Summer. 
PIPSISSEWA. PRINCE’S PINE. 
FAMILY 3. MONOTROPACEAE Lindl. IwDIAN-PIPE FAMILY. 
Saprophytic or root-parasitic herbs, with densely matted roots and with foli- 
age destitute of green coloring matter. Stems solitary or clustered, scape-like. 
Leaves reduced to scales, these often imbricated at the base and top of the stem. 
Flowers perfect, or nearly so, usually drooping. Calyx free, of 2-6 imbricated 
deciduous sepals. Corolla white or colored, of 3-6 distinct or partially united 
petals, or wanting in the western genus Allotropa. Androecium of 6-12, hypog- 
ynous stamens. Filaments distinct or united at the base. Anthers 2-celled, or 
with confluent sacs, opening by valves or pores. Pollen of simple grains. Disk 
8-10-toothed or more. Gynoecium of a single pistil. Ovary 1-6-celled, supe- 
rior. Styles united. Stigma capitate, disk-like or funnelform. Ovules numer- 
ous, anatropous. Fruit a 1-6-celled loculicidally opening capsule. Seeds 
numerous, minute. Testa reticulated. 
Corolla of several distinct petals, deciduous. 
Flowers solitary : plants white or pink (black in drying). 1. MoNoTROPA. 
Flowers several: plants yellowish or red. 2. HYPOPITYS. 
Corolla gamopetalous, campanulate, persistent. 3. MONOTROPsIS. 
1. MONOTROPA L. 
Scapose odorless herbs, with white or pink foliage. Leaves reduced to sessile scales. 
Flowers perfect, solitary, nodding. Sepals 2-4, imperfectly distinguished from the upper 
bracts, deciduous. Corolla colorless : ‘petals 5-6, somewhat dilated at the apex, not 
saccate at the base, tardily deciduous. Stamens 10-12. Anthers peltate, opening at first 
by 2 transverse chinks, becoming transversely 2-valved. Disk 10-12-toothed. Ovary 5- 
celled, confluent with the disk at the base. Stigma funnelform, with a glabrous obscurely 
crenate edge. Capsule 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valved, erect. Seeds numerous, minute, 
with the testa produced at each end. INDIAN PIPE. 
1. Monotropa unifldra L. Foliage white or pink, turning blackish in drying, 
glabrous. Stems scape-like, usually gregarious, 1-3 dm. tall, simple, wax-like as is the 
rest of the plant: scales remote or approximate, 10-15 mm. long, succulent: flowers soli- 
tary, nodding, odorless: sepals broadened upward, 10-15 mm. long, obtuse: petals sur- 
passing the calyx, abruptly dilated near the apex, strigillose within : filaments usually 10, 
pubescent : capsule erect, 10-18 mm. high, obtusely angled. 
In moist woods, Anticosti to British Columbia, Florida, California and Mexico. Summer and fall. 
2. HYPOPITYS Adans. 
Scapose, often violet-scented herbs, with tawny or red more or less pubescent foliage. 
Leaves reduced to sessile scales. Flowers perfect, few or several in terminal racemes, the 
