904 PRIMULACEAE 
Upper stem-leaves with ovate or broadly lanceolate blades. 
Stems reclining or decumbent: calyx-lobes less than 5 mm. long: corolla 8-10 mm. broad. 
1. S. radicans. 
Stems erect: calyx-lobes over 5 mm. long at maturity : corolla 15-25 mm. broad. 
Petioles glabrous: leaf-blades with glabrous margins. 2. S. tonsum. 
Petioles ciliate: leaf-blades ciliolate. 3. S. ciliatum. 
Upper stem-leaves with linear, oblong or narrowly lanceolate blades. 
etioles ciliate only or mainly near the base: staminodia lanceolate. 4. S. lanceolatum. 
Petioles ciliate throughout, the cilia extending along the base of the blade: 
staminodia subulate. 
Leaf-blades mainly linear: upper stem-leaves with blades mostly narrowed 
at the base. 5. S. heterophyllum. 
Leaf-blades mainly oblong to narrowly lanceolate: upper stem-leaves with 
manifestly petioled blades. 6. S. hybridum. 
1l. Steironema radicans (Hook.) A. Gray. Stems weak, 3-8 dm. long, erect when 
oung, finally decumbent or reclining, and often rooting at the nodes: leaf-blades mem- 
ranous, ovate to lanceolate 2-8 cm. long, acute at both ends or truncate at the often 
oblique base: more or less ciliolate; petioles 4 as long as the blades or shorter, winged, 
glabrous: flowers axillary : pedicels filiform, 1-2.5 cm. long: calyx glabrous ; lobes lance- 
olate, about 4 mm. long, acute: corolla sulphur-yellow, 8-10 mm. broad ; lobes broadly 
clawed, eroded at the apex, minutely apiculate : filaments distinct, subulate, glabrous or 
nearly so : staminodia triangular-ovate, glandular : capsules globose, 3 mm. thick, about as 
long as the sepals. 
In swamps, Virginia to Missouri and Louisiana. Summer. 
2. Steironema tónsum (Wood) Bicknell. Stems erect, 2-7 dm. tall, sparingly 
glandular above, obtusely 4-angled, often purple: leaf-blades membranous, ovate to ovate- 
lanceolate, 1.5-8 em. long, acute or somewhat acuminate, glabrous, rounded or cordate at 
the base ; .petioles not ciliate, the lower ones often as long as the blades, the upper much 
shorter: flowers axillary : pedicels slender, 1-2 cm. long : calyx glandular at the base like 
the pedicels ; lobes lanceolate, almost 5-6 mm. long, acute : corolla sulphur-yellow, 1.5-2 
em. broad; lobes suborbicular, erose-lacerate above the middle: filaments glandular, 
nearly distinct : staminodia subulate: capsules subglobose, about 4 mm. thick, j shorter 
than the calyx. [S. intermedium Kearney. ] 
In dry woods, Virginia to Tennessee and Alabama. Spring and summer. 
3. Steironema ciliàtum (L.) Raf. Stems erect, 2-15 dm. tall, sometimes much 
branched : leaf-blades membranous, ovate, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, 4-12 em. long, acute 
or acuminate, ciliate, rounded to cordate at the base ; petioles slightly winged, conspicu- 
ously ciliate, the lower ones often as long as the blades or longer, the upper very short : 
flowers axillary: pedicels slender, 2-5 cm. long: calyx glabrous or slightly glandular 
below ; lobes lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, acuminate, spreading or recurved : corolla sulphur- 
yellow, 2-2.5 cm. broad; lobes obovate, strongly apiculate, eroded especially near the 
apex : filaments glandular, nearly distinct : staminodia subulate, shorter than the filaments : 
capsules subglobose, 4-5 mm. thick, much shorter than the calyx. 
In dry soil or along streams, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Florida and Arizona. 
Naturalized in Europe. Spring and summer. ; 
. _. Steironema lanceolàtum (Walt.) A. Gray. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, simple or spar- 
ingly branched: leaves few ; blades narrowly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm. 
long, acute or slightly acuminate at the apex, acute at the base; petioles slender, 1-2 cm. 
long, except near the top of the stem, ciliate only at the base, or sparingly so throughout, 
the cilia never extending up. on the blade: pedicels slender, commonly surpassing the 
bracts: calyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, becoming 6-7 mm. long: core 
sulphur yellow, 1.5-2 em. broad; lobes obovate: staminodia lanceolate: capsules 4.5- 
mm. long. 
In low grounds and thickets, Maine to New York and Georgia. Summer. 
5. Steironema heterophyllum (Michx.) Raf. Stems 1-6 dm. tall, more or vac 
branched : leaves often numerous, various, the basal with oblong oval or ovate blades i 
em. long and slender ciliate petioles, the upper ones abruptly narrower and longer ; bla lv 
nearly linear, attenuate, 3-15 em. long, merely narrowed to the ciliate base, not distinct y 
petioled : pedicels often shorter than the bracts: calyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate, acu 
minate, becoming 5 mm. long: corolla bright yellow, 1-1.5 cm. broad ; lobes eroded, eac 
terminating in a slender tail-like tip : staminodia subulate : capsules about 4 mm. long. 
In woods and meadows and on banks, Virginia and Kentucky to Florida and Mississippi. — . 
6. Steironema hybridum (Michx.) Raf. Stems 0.5—4 dm. tall, simple or sparingly 
branched : leaves various, the basal with oblong or oval blades and ciliate petioles, the ri» 
stem-leaves more numerous ; blades mainly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 2-10 -— o = 
acute or slightly acuminate, narrowed into marked by ciliate petioles : pedicels usually sho 
. 
