970 HY DROLEACEAE 
1. HYDROPHYLLUM L. 
Biennial or perennial herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate: blades lobed, 
pinnatifid or pinnately divided. Cymes peduncled, more or less scorpioid. Calyx pedi- 
celled: tube short: lobes 5, narrow, with naked or appendaged sinuses. Corolla white, 
blue or purple: tube short: lobes 5, convolute, each furnished with a linear appendage 
within. Stamens 5, exserted: filaments partially pubescent. Ovary 1-celled, pubescent. 
Style 2-cleft. Ovules 4, enclosed by the fleshy placenta which is attached to the top and 
bottom of the cavity. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds 1-4, thick. WATER-LEAF. 
Perennials ; calyx destitute of reflexed appendages at the sinuses. 
Leaf-blades pinnate or pinnatifid : inflorescence conspicuously hirsute. 
Stems barely pubescent: calyx-lobes nearly distinct, linear. 1. H. Virginicum. 
Stems hispid or hirsute: calyx-lobes longer than the tube, lanceolate or 
oblong-lanceolate. 2. H. macrophyllum. 
Leaf-blades palmately 5-7-lobed. 3. H. Canadense. 
Biennial: calyx with reflexed appendages at the sinuses. 4. H. appendiculatum. 
1. Hydrophyllum Virginicum L. Foliage strigillose. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, simple 
or branched, nearly glabrous: leaves 1-3 dm. long, or the upper ones shorter ; blades 
pinnately divided, the segments coarsely toothed or incised, acute or acuminate ; petioles 
longer than the blades or the upper ones shorter: peduncles longer than the subtending 
petioles, simple or forked : cymes becoming open : calyx bristly ; lobes linear, about 5 mm. 
long, strigillose on the back, nearly distinct : corolla white or purplish, about 1 cm. long: 
filaments slightly pubescent : capsules subglobose, 3-4 mm. in diameter. 
In moist woods, Quebec to Manitoba, South Carolina and Kansas. Spring and summer. 
2. Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt. Foliage hispid. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, 
simple or branched : leaves 2-3 dm. long, or the upper ones smaller; blades pinnatifid, 
longer than the petioles ; segments oblong, elliptic or oval, coarsely serrate or incised, the 
upper ones confluent: peduncles stout, 1-3 dm. long, simple or branched above: cymes 
capitate or somewhat open: calyx bristly ; lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, longer 
than the tube, acute: corolla white, about 1 cm. broad ; lobes oblong, notched at the apex, 
their subulate appendages pubescent at the base : capsules 3-4 mm. broad, hirsute. 
In woods, Ohio to Virginia, Illinois and Alabama. Spring. 
3. Hydrophyllum Canadénse L. Foliage hirsute or glabrate. Stems solitary or 
tufted, 2-7 dm. tall, sometimes sparingly branched: leaves few ; blades palmately 5-7- 
lobed, 0.5-3 dm. in diameter ; lobes coarsely toothed or slightly lobed ; petioles commonly 
longer than the blades: cymes 2-6 cm. broad: peduncles simple or commonly forked : 
calyx sparingly hispid, or nearly glabrous ; lobes linear or nearly so, 4-5 mm. long : corolla 
white, 1-1.5 cm. broad : filaments densely villous: capsules about 4 mm. in diameter, finely 
pubescent. 
In damp woods, Massachusetts to Illinois and North Carolina. Summer. 
4. Hydrophylium appendiculatum Michx. Foliage hirsute. Stems erect, 3-6 dm. 
tall, usually branching : leaves variable ; blades oblong to suborbicular in outline, cordate, 
those of the lower leaves pinnatifid ; others palmately 5-7-lobed ; lobes or segments coarsely 
toothed, acute or acuminate : cymes rather open : pedicels slender, becoming 1-2 cm. long: 
calyx bristly ; lobes subulate-lanceolate, accompanied by a reflexed appendage at each 
sinus : corolla violet or purple, 1-1.5 cm. broad : capsules about 3 mm. in diameter. 
In damp woods, Ontario to Minnesota, North Carolina and Kansas. Spring. 
2. NEMÓPHILA Nutt. 
Annual diffuse herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades 
lobed or pinnatifid. Flowers solitary on axillary or terminal pedicels. Calyx not accres- 
cent : lobes 5, accompanied by a spreading or reflexed appendage in each sinus. Corolla 
white, blue or variegated, campanulate or rotate: tube usually with 10 appendages within 
near the base: lobes convolute, surpassing the calyx. Stamens 5, included : filament 
short. Ovary l-celled. Styles 2-cleft. Ovules 2-12 in each fleshy placenta which is at- 
tached to the top and bottom of the cavity. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds usually 1-4. 
Leaf-segments 3-5: calyx with inconspicuous appendages: corolla less than 3 mm. b Qa. microcalyx- 
Leaf-segrnents 5-9: calyx with appendages 14 as long as the lobes: corolla 20-25 mm. ba d hacelioides. 
1. Nemophila micrócalyx (Nutt.) F. & M. Foliage sparingly pubescent or um 
brate in age. Stems branched at the base ; branches diffusely spreading or prostrate, V. 
