SOLANACEAE 989 
B..Plants more or less copiously armed with prickles. 
Berry merely seated in the calyx. 
Prickles bristle-like. 12. S. elaeagnifolium. 
Prickles subulate. 
Calyx merely pubescent. 
Leaf-blades entire, sometimes undulate. 11. S. Bahamense. 
Leaf-blades pinnately lobed or pinnatifid. 
Annual: berries 5-30 cm. long. 13. S. Melongena. 
Perennial: berries 1.5-2 cm. long. 14. S. Carolinense. 
Calyx armed with prickles. 
Perennial plants. 
Corolla less than 2.5 em. broad. 15. S. Floridanum. 
Corolla over 3 em. broad. 16. S. Torreyi. 
Annual plants. 
Leaf-blades sinuate-pinnatifid. : 17. S. aculeatissimum. 
Leaf-blades pinnately-parted. 18. S. sisymbriifolium. 
Berry enclosed in the calyx. 19. S. rostratum. 
1. Solanum Dulcamara L. Perennial, often minutely pubescent, unarmed. Stems 
climbing, sometimes twining, 4-15 dm. long, branching : leaf-blades ovate, 3-10 cm. long, 
acute or acuminate, undulate, entire or with a lobe on one or both sides at the base, trun- 
cate or cordate ; petioles 3 as long as the blades or shorter: peduncles spreading: calyx 
glabrous; tube broadly turbinate ; lobes rather triangular, much shorter than the tube : 
corolla blue or white, about 1.5 cm. wide ; lobes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, recurved, 
minutely pubescent near the tips: berries oval, scarlet, 9-15 mm. long. 
In thickets, New Brunswick to Minnesota, Georgia and Kansas. Spring to fall. BITTERSWEET. 
2. Solanum triquétrum Cav. Perennial, glabrous or nearly so. Stems spreading 
or reclining, 3-10 dm. long, more or less branched : leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 
cm. long, sometimes acuminate, entire or somewhat 3-lobed at the truncate or cordate base ; 
petioles barely 3 as longas the blades or shorter: pedicels club-shaped: calyx glabrous ; 
tube turbinate ; lobes triangular-ovate, acutish : corolla purplish or paler, 1.5 cm. broad ; 
lobes oblong-lanceolate, ciliolate near the tip: berries subglobose, 8-10 mm. in diameter. 
In thickets in low grounds, Texas and adjacent Mexico. Summer. 
3. Solanum Lindheimerianum Scheele. Perennial, nearly glabrous. Stems spread- 
ing, reclining, several dm. long, branching, zigzag: leaf-blades linear to oblong, 1-3 cm. 
long, entire or hastately lobed at the base; petioles 1-4 mm. long: pedicels club-shaped, 
5-10 mm. long: calyx glabrous; tube companulate ; lobes lanceolate or triangular-lan- 
ceolate, acute : corolla purplish, blue or pale, 10-12 mm. broad ; lobes oblong to oblong- 
lanceolate : berries subglobose, often 6-9 mm. in diameter. 
In dry soil, Texas and New Mexico. Summer. 
4. Solanum nigrum L. Annual, minutely pubescent to glabrate, unarmed. Stems 
erect or much branched and spreading, 1-12 dm. long: leaf-blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 
2-8 em. long, obtuse or acute, undulate or deeply repand, cuneate at the base ; petioles as 
long as the blades or shorter : calyx pubescent ; tube turbinate ; lobes oblong or triangular, 
acute, spreading at maturity : corolla white, 6-8 mm. broad ; lobes lanceolate to oblong- 
lanceolate : berries subglobose, 4-6 mm. in diameter, black. . 
In waste places or cultivated lands, Nova Scotia to the Northwest Territory, Florida and Texas. 
Widely distributed in other parts of the world. Summer and fall. CoMMON NIGHTSHADE. 
5. Solanum gracile Link. Annual, more or less cinereous-pubescent. Stems erect, 
3-10 dm. tall, branching : leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, 
undulate or coarsely toothed near the base, cuneately narrowed into short petioles: calyx 
pubescent ; tube campanulate ; lobes ovate or oblong-ovate, about as long as the tube: 
corolla white or bluish, about 10 mm. broad ; lobes linear to oblong : berries subglobose, 
5-8 mm. in diameter, black. 
In sandy soil, North Carolina to Florida. Naturalized from South America. Spring to fall. 
6. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Annual, sparingly pubescent with simple hairs or 
nearly glabrous. Stems commonly branched at the base, the branches more or less spread- 
ing, 2-9 dm. long: leaf-blades oblong or ovate in outline, pinnatifid, 3-9 cm. long, the 
lobes acute, entire or toothed, short-petioled : calyx usually pubescent ; tube campanulate ; 
lobes oblong to oblong-lanceolate, longer than the tube : corolla white, 8-10 mm. broad : 
berries globular, 10-15 mm. in diameter. : 
On prairies and in waste places, Ontario to the Northwest Territory, Oklahoma and Arizona. 
Spring to fall. 
7. Solanum Pseüdo-Cápsicum L. Shrubby, unarmed. Stems erect, 8-19 dm. 
tall, with spreading branches: leaves numerous ; blades oblong or oblanceolate, 3-10 cm. 
long, undulate or repand, narrowed into short petioles: pedicels 5-10 mm. long, club- 
Shaped: calyx glabrous; tube broadly turbinate-campanulate ; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 
