BORRAGINACEAE 1001 
gose, sessile or nearly so: racemes densely bracted : pedicels 5 mm. long or less: calyx 
bristly-strigose ; lobes 6-12 mm. long, linear: corolla white or tinged with yellow; tube 
funnelform ; lobes triangular-lanceolate, one third as long as the tube, acute: nutlets 
ovoid, 4 mm. long, not constricted at base. 
On dry prairies or barrens, Saskatchewan to Illinois, Texas, Utah and Arizona. Spring and summer. 
5. Onosmodium subsetósum Mackenzie & Bush. Foliage strigose. Stems about 
6 dm. tall, branching above : leaves numerous ; blades oblong-lanceolate, typically 7.5 cm. 
long, 1.5 cm. wide, acutish, strongly 5-7-nerved, papillose and hispid-strigose above, whit- 
ish strigose beneath: pedicels 3-6 mm. long at maturity: calyx-lobes narrowly obtuse, 
whitish hairy, 6 mm. long : corolla greenish white, 8-18 mm. long; tube funnelform ; lobes 
triangular, acute, much shorter than the tube : nutlets ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, very sparingly 
pitted, somewhat constricted at the base. 
In dry soil, Ozark Mountain region, Missouri and Arkansas. Late spring. 
6. Onosmodium Virginianum (L.) A. DC. Foliage hispid-strigose. Stems 2-7 
dm. tall, pubescent with appressed or occasionally strongly spreading hairs, more or less 
widely branching above: leaves rather numerous ; blades firm, linear-oblong to oblong or 
oblong- or linear-lanceolate, 2.5-12 cm. long, acute or apiculate, the lower narrowed into 
winged petioles, the upper sessile: racemes conspicuously bracted: pedicels 1-2 mm. 
long, elongating to 1-2.5 cm. at maturity: calyx bristly ; lobes narrowly linear-lanceo- 
late, 5-7 mm. long: corolla yellowish, about 8 mm. long; tube funnelform ; lobes 
lanceolate-subulate, slightly shorter than the tube: nutlets ovoid, 3 mm. long, more or 
less densely pitted. 
In sandy soil, New England to Florida and thence west to Mississippi. Spring. 
8. SYMPHYTUM L. 
Perennial coarse caulescent herbs, with thick mucilaginous roots. Leaves alternate : 
blades often sessile and clasping on the upper part of the stem. Flowers in terminal 
scorpioid racemes. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla yellow, blue or purple, tubular or the tube 
slightly dilated above, with 5 appendages in the throat: lobes 5, short. Stamens 5, in- 
cluded. Carpels 4, nearly distinct. Nutlets 4, oblique, wrinkled, each with a concave and 
toothed scar of attachment. CoMFREY. HEALING-HERB. 
1. Symphytum officinale L. Roots stout. Stems 3-10 dm. tall, usually branched, 
hirsute : leaf-blades oblong, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, or sometimes ovate at the base 
of the stem, 1-3 dm. long, undulate, acute or acuminate, the lower ones long-petioled, the 
upper sessile and often decurrent on the branches: sepals ovate to lanceolate, 6-10 mm. 
long, acuminate: corolla yellowish or purplish, 10-15 mm. long; lobes ovate, obtuse : 
nutlets 3-4 mm. high, shining, wrinkled. 
In waste places and thickets, Newfoundland to Minnesota, Virginia and Tennessee. Naturalized 
from Europe and Asia. Spring and summer. COMFREY. 
* 
9. LYCÓPSIS L. 
Annual caulescent herbs, with bristly-hispid foliage. Leaves alternate: blades rel- 
atively narrow, entire or shallowly toothed. Flowers in terminal scorpioid racemes. 
Sepals 5, nearly distinct. Corolla blue, salverform, slightly irregular: tube curved, its 
throat clothed with hispid hairs: limb unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included, adnate to 
about the middle of the corolla-tube. Carpels 4, nearly distinct: stigma entire. Nutlets 4, 
erect from the flat receptacle, wrinkled, the scar of attachment concave. BUGLOSS. 
1. Lycopsis arvénsis L. Foliage bristly-hispid. Stems becoming widely or diffusely 
branched, 3-7 dm. long; branches often procumbent : leaf-blades oblanceolate below, to 
narrowly oblong or lanceolate above, 2.5-10 em. long, undulate or sinuate, sessile or the 
lower ones on long petioles: racemes often 5-10 cm. long: calyx becoming 7-8 mm. long ; 
sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, acute : corolla blue, 5-7 mm. long ; tube curved : nutlets 
about 3 mm. long, coarsely wrinkled. 
In waste places, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Virginia and Tennessee. Naturalized from Europe and 
Asia. Spring to fall. 
10. ÉCHIUM L. 
Biennial or perennial caulescent herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate : 
bladesentire. Flowers in scorpioid spikes or racemes. Calyx pubescent: lobes 5, narrow. 
Corolla white or usually blue or violet, tubular-funnelform, irregular: tube with an open 
