1056 RHINANTHACEAE 
4. LINARIA L. 
Annual biennial or perennial herbs, or shrubby plants, with upright stems. Leaves 
alternate or opposite, or whorled on shoots: blades flat, often narrow, entire, toothed or 
lobed. Flowers in terminal spikes, racemes or panicles. Sepals 5, partially united. Cor- 
olla white, or of various colors, or variegated, irregular, 2-lipped: tube spurred at the 
base, the throat partially closed by a palet. Stamens 4, included. Styles united. Ovules 
numerous. Capsule short, opening by 1-few usually 3-toothed pores below the apex. 
Seeds angled or wrinkled, sometimes winged. Toap-FLAX. 
Corolla blue: native species. 
Leaves with terete blades: pedicels longer than the corollas. 1. L. Floridana. 
Leaves with flat blades: pedicels shorter than the corollas or spur. 
Corolla less than 8 mm. long excluding the spur. 2. L, Canadensis. 
Corolla over 10 mm. long excluding the spur. 3. L. Texana. 
Corolla yellow: naturalized species. 4. L. Linaria. 
l. Linaria Ploridana Chapm. Annual or biennial, sparingly glandular-pubescent. 
Stems 1-4 dm. tall, simple or paniculately branched above : leaves of 2 kinds, those on 
the basal branches with oblong or obovate blades 2-5 mm. long, those on the stem fleshy, 
terete, linear or club-shaped, less than 25 mm. in length : racemes loosely flowered : pedi- 
cels 3-13 mm. long: calyx-lobes glandular, 1-1.5 mm. long, linear to linear-lanceolate : 
corolla blue, 4-5 mm. long; tube surpassing the calyx; spur subulate, slightly projecting 
below the calyx: capsules subglobose, about 2 mm. long, surpassing the calyx-lobes. 
In sand, Florida and Alabama. Spring and summer. 
2. Linaria Canadénsis (L.) Dumort. Annual or biennial, glabrous or nearly so. 
Stems 1-6 dm. tall, sometimes branched at the base: leaf-blades narrowly linear, flat, 
acute, 1-2.5 cm. long: racemes usually many-flowered, 4-15 cm. long: pedicels 2.5 mm. 
long: calyx-lobes sometimes sparingly glandular, linear-oblong or lanceolate: corolla 
light blue, 5-7 mm. long (excluding the spur), the lobes barely retuse, the spur 4-5 mm. 
long: capsule subglobose or oval-globose, 2.5 mm. long, about as long as the calyx-lobes. 
In sandy soil, Nova Scotia, south to Florida. Spring to fall. 
3. Linaria Texàna Scheele. Similar to L. Canadensis, but more robust, often turning 
black in drying. Stems 2-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades thick but flat, linear-spatulate to linear, 
1-2.5 em. long, acute or rather blunt: racemes few-flowered, 5-30 cm. long: calyx-lobes 
glabrous, linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acute: corolla blue, at least 1 cm. long 
(excluding the spur), the lobes retuse, the spur about 1 em. long: capsules oblong to 
oval, 3-3.5 mm. long. 
In sandy soil, Indian Territory to Florida, Texas, Oregon and California. Spring and summer. 
4. Linaria Linària (L.) Karst. Perennial, glabrous or minutely pubescent above, 
glaucous. Stems 1-10 dm. tall, commonly branched at the base : leaves numerous ; blades 
linear or nearly so, 2-7 cm. long, acute, entire: racemes showy, 3-40 cm. long: pedicels 
erect or ascending, 2-5 mm. long: calyx-lobes glabrous, ovate, 3-4 mm. long, acute or 
acuminate : corolla yellow, 2.5-3 cm. long ; spur nearly as long as the lower lip: capsules 
oblong-ovoid, 9-12 mm. long: seeds 2 mm. broad, winged. [L. vulgaris (L.) Mill.] 
In fields and waste places. Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to Georgia and Nebraska. N aturalized 
from Europe. Springto fall. BUTTER-AND-EGGS. 
5. ANTIRRHINUM L. 
Annual or perennial caulescent herbs, sometimes glandular or pubescent. Le 
alternate, or opposite on young parts: blades flat, entire. Flowers solitary in the "upper 
axils, or in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals partially united. Corolla white or 
colored, or variegated, irregular, 2-lipped : tube more or less saccate at the base, the throat 
closed by a palate. Stamens 4, included : filaments sometimes dilated above. Styles united. 
Ovules numerous. Capsule short, opening by 2 or 3 pores below the apex. Seeds wingless, 
smooth or wrinkled. 
1. Antirrhinum antirrhinifldrum (Poir.) Small. Stems low or high-climbing. Leaf- 
blades hastate, varying from triangular to ovate in outline, 1-4 cm. long, usually cordate, 
one or both basal lobes sometimes with a tooth ; petioles and pedicels tendril-like, m 
nearly equal in length : calyx-lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 em. long: coro h 
purple or white, 1.5-2.5 cm. long: capsules subglobose, 5-8 mm. in diameter: seeds wit 
irregular corky ridges. [A. maurandioides A. Gray. ] 
In ary or rocky soil, Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Spring to fall. SNAPDRAGON. 
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