1068 RHINANTHACEAE 
sessile : sepals linear to linear-subulate, bristly : corolla about 5 mm. long, tubular: cap- 
sules conic, 4-5 mm. long. [Gratiola pilosa Michx. ] 
In low sandy grounds, New Jersey to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 
21. ILYSANTHES Raf. 
Annual or biennial caulescent herbs, with glabrous foliage. Leaves opposite: blades 
entire or shallowly toothed, mostly sessile. Bracts mostly similar to the leaves. Flowers 
solitary in the axils, slender-pedicelled. Sepals 5, united at the base. Corolla whitish or 
purplish, 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, erect, the lower lip spreading. Stamens 2: 
anther-sacs divergent. Staminodia 2, 2-lobed, the one lobe capitate and glandular, the 
other smaller, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly ovoid to oblong, septicidally 
dehiscent. Seeds wrinkled. FALSE PIMPERNEL. 
Stems creeping: leaf-blades orbicular or ovate-orbicular, rounded at the base and closely sessile. 
1. I. grandiflora. 
Stems 5s xd ascending: leaf-blades more or less elongated, the lower ones narrowed 
at the base. 
Pedicelsshorter than thesubtending bracts: sepals as longas the capsule or longer. 2. I. attenuata. 
Pedicels longer than the subtending bracts : sepals shorter than the capsule. 
Leaves or bracts slightly reduced above : pedicels erect or ascending. 
Upper leaves with partially clasping blades : capsules much longer than the 
sepals. 3. I. gratioloides. 
Upper leaves with merely sessile blades: capsules slightly longer than the 
sepals. 4. I. saxicola. 
Leaves or bracts reduced to scales above: pedicels reflexed. 5. I. refracta. 
1. Ilysanthes grandifldra (Nutt.) Benth. Stems slender, creeping, 2-20 cm. long, 
leafy throughout, rarely branched. Leaf-blades suborbicular or ovate-orbicular, 0.5-1 cm. 
long, leathery, entire, rounded and partially clasping at the base: pedicels filiform, 2-4 
em. long, several times longer than the bracts: sepals linear-lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, 
acute: corolla blue, about 10 mm. long, the upper lip much shorter than the lower: cap- 
sules narrowly oblong or oblong-ovoid, 4.5-5 mm. long, acute or acuminate, much longer 
than the calyx. 
In low or wet grounds, eastern Georgia and Florida. Spring to fall. 
2. Ilysanthes attenuata (Muhl.) Small. Stems relatively stout, 1-5 dm. tall, often 
much branched. Leaf-blades oblong to ovate, or oblanceolate to obovate below, 1-3 cm. 
long, thin-fleshy, obtuse, distantly and shallowly serrate, 5-nerved, the lower ones at least 
narrower at the base: pedicels stout, shorter than the subtending bracts: sepals linear- 
subulate, 4-5 mm. long : corolla 8-10 mm. long : capsules narrowly ovoid, usually surpassed 
by the calyx. ; 
In wet places, Ontario to Wisconsin and Missouri, south to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 
3. Ilysanthes gratioloìđes (L.) Benth. Stems wiry, 1-2 dm. long, nearly simple or 
considerably branched, the lower branches sometimes decumbent. Leaf-blades leathery- 
fleshy, obovate to oblong below, to ovate above, 0.6-2 cm. long, entire or nearly so, the 
lower ones gradually and the upper ones more abruptly narrowed at the base, sessile an 
partly clasping : pedicels filiform, surpassing the subtending bracts: sepals linear, 3-4 
mm. long: corolla 5-7 mm. long: capsules ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, surpass- 
ing the calyx. 
In damp or wet soil, New England to Nebraska, south to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 
4. Ilysanthes saxicola (M. A. Curtis) Chapm. Stems slender, more or less tufted, 
2-20 cm. tall, often dwarf, simple or sparingly branched. Leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, 
0.5-1.5 cm. long, the basal and those on the lower part of the stem spatulate or oblong, 
the upper ones ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, acutish, nearly sessile: pedicels 
wiry, 3-4 times longer than the subtending bracts: sepals linear-lanceolate, about 2mm. 
long: corolla pale blue and variegated, about 10 mm. long: capsule ovoid, 3 mm. long, 
surpassing the calyx. 
On damp rocks, Tallulah Falls, Georgia and on the Hiawassee River, North Carolina. 
5. Ilysanthes refrácta ( Ell.) Benth. Stems wiry, usually several together or bearer 
tufted, 0.8-3 dm. tall, nearly naked, sometimes diffuse at maturity. Leaves mainly i j 
blades spatulate to obovate, 1-3 cm. long, entire or undulate, those of the stem min ia 
scales: pedicels filiform, 2-4 mm. long, at length reflexed : sepals almost linear, 2- ice 
long: corolla 10-13 mm. long: capsules narrowly oblong, about 4 mm. long, about 
as long as the calyx. : 
On wet rocks and in damp pine lands, North Carolina to Mississippi and Florida. Spring to fall. 
Summer. 
