1082 ACANTHACEAE 
membranous or nearly so, entire. Flowers perfect, in dense spikes: bracts imbricated.. 
Calyx scarious : lobes narrow, entire or toothed near the apex. Corolla white or blue: tube: 
slender, terete: limb 2-lipped : upper lip notched or 2-lobed : lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens. 
2, barely exserted : anthers 2-celled ; sacs equal, parallel, sometimes awn-tipped at the 
base. Staminodia usually wanting. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 6-10 in each cavity. Cap- 
sule narrow, contracted at the base, acute or beaked at the apex. [Elytraria Michx.] 
Bracts with ovate or suborbicular bodies. 
Stems much longer than the leaves: bracts scarious. 1. T. Carolinensis.. 
Stems shorter than the leaves or sometimes slightly surpassing them. 2. T. squamosa. 
Bracts with linear or linear-oblong bodies. 3. T. acuminata. 
1. Tubiflora Carolinénsis (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. Foliage deep green, nearly gla- 
brous. Leaves basal; blades oblong, spatulate or elongated linear-spatulate, 0.5-3 dm. 
long, obtuse, undulate, sessile or short-petioled : stems scape-like, 2-4 dm. tall, virgate,. 
rigid, solitary or clustered, simple, densely scaly: scales appressed, with spreading tips, 
lanceolate, 6-12 mm. long, acuminate, ciliate: spikes 1-5 cm. long, dense; bracts with 
oval or suborbicular bodies, abruptly pointed: calyx about 8 mm. long; lobes attenuate, 
bearded at the tip: corolla white, 7-9 mm. long; lobes nearly equal: capsules 4-5 mm. 
long, cylindric, each with a conic tip. [Elytraria virgata Michx. ] 
In low grounds and on river banks, South Carolina to Florida. Summer.—A small form occurring 
in Florida, with linear or narrowly oblanceolate leaf-blades, is T. Carolinensis angustifolia (Fernald) 
Small. [Elytraria virgata var. angustifolia Fernald.] : 
2. Tubiflora squamósa (Jacq.) Kuntze. Foliage pale green. Stems more or less. 
spreading, 1-6 dm. long, commonly branched, clothed with appressed imbricated acute 
scale-like leaves : normal leaves basal or mainly so: blades oblong, elliptic or narrowly 
ovate, 4-12 cm. long, entire or sinuate, often slightly pubescent, narrowed into petiole- 
like bases : spikes 1-3 em. long: bracts firm, 6-8 mm. long, the body ovate, acute or 
slightly acuminate : bractlets lanceolate, ciliate : calyx-lobes 5-6 mm. long, ciliate : corolla 
5-6 mm. long, the lower lip retuse : capsules 6 mm. long. 
In low ground, Texas to Arizona. Also in tropical America and Africa. : 
3. Tubiflora acuminàta Small. Foliage pale green. Stems ascending or spr eading, 
3-6 cm. long, simple or sparingly branched above, clothed with the appressed acuminate 
scale-like leaves: normal leaves basal ; blades oblong or oblong-spatulate, 2-6 cm. long, 
obtuse or rounded, spreading, sparingly pubescent especially on the nerves beneath, sessile 
or short-petioled : spikes 1-2.5 em. long: bracts rigid, about 1 em. long, long-attenuate, 
woolly above within: bractlets ciliate along the back : calyx-lobes about 7 mm. bie 
attenuate, barely pubescent at the tip: corolla 5-6 mm. long, the lower lip notched = 
capsules 4-5 mm. long, each with a conic tip. 
In sandy soil, coast of Texas. 
2. HYGROPHILA R. Br. 
Annual or perennial caulescent herbs, sometimes armed with axillary spines. Lt 
opposite: blades entire. Flowers solitary in the axils, or usually clustered. bee 
persistent : lobes 5, narrow, slightly unequal. Corolla commonly white, 2-lipped : ve 
slightly dilated upward : limb 2-lipped ; upper lip erect, concave, notched or po * 
lower lip more or less spreading, 2-lobed: Stamens 4, didynamous: filaments € 
dilated at the base: anthers 2-celled : sacs equal, parallel. Staminodium small or 0 af 
lete. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 2, 4 or more in each cavity. Capsule terete or aug 
contrary to the septum. ; Stems 
1. Hygrophila lacustris (Schlecht.) Nees. Perennial, sparingly pubescent. early 
creeping at the base, the erect or ascending part 3-9 dm. long, 4-angled: Magie de nar- 
linear to narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, rather acuminate, undulate, utely 
rowed into dilated bases : cymes few-flowered, nearly sessile in the axils: calyx ge : 
pubescent ; lobes narrowly linear-subulate, 5-7 mm. long: corolla white, 7 mm. ong; 
lipped ; lobes of the lower lip oblong: capsules cylindric, 7-8 mm. long, nearly bes i 
In swamps and on muddy banks, Florida to Texas and adjacent Mexico. Summer M pem 
3. CALOPHANES D. Don. 
Perennial herbs or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite: blades entire. d BN 
or clustered in the axils. Sepals slender or nearly bristle-like, distinct or bis el 
the middle. Corolla blue or purple, funnelform : tube slightly curved, more or | re oe 
upward : limb somewhat 2-lipped : lobes 5, spreading, convolute. Stamens 4, dium 
Flowers solitary 
