ACANTHACEAE 1083 
included. Anther-sacs awned or mucronate at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 2 in 
each cavity. Capsule oblong or broadened upward. Seeds flat, suborbicular. 
Calyx-lobes united to below the middle: Texano-Arizonian species. 1. C. linearis. 
Calyx-lobes distinct or nearly so: eastern species. 
Calyx-lobes nearly as long as the corolla; corollas and the bractlets about equal 
in length. 2. C. humistrata. 
Seat Tats less than 1% as long as the corolla; which is fully twice as long as the 
ractlets. 
Corolla 1 em. long or shorter: leaf-blades of a linear type. 3. C. angusta. 
Corolla fully 2 em. long : leaf-blades mainly of an oblong type. 4. C. oblongifolia. 
1l. Calophanes lineàris (T. & G.) A. Gray. Foliage hirsute or glabrous. Stems 
commonly tufted, 1-3 dm. tall, simple and strict, or diffusely branched : leaves numerous ; 
blades spatulate below to linear above, 2-4 cm. long, obtuse to acute, often undulate, nar- 
rowed at the base: calyx slightly bristly ; lobes linear-subulate, 8-10 mm. long, at least 
twice as long as the tube: corolla inconspicuously pubescent, 2 cm. long ; tube (proper) 
barely as long as the dilated throat; limb 15-20 mm. broad ; lobes slightly broadened up- 
ward, about as long as the throat, rounded or retuse at the apex : capsules 10-12 mm. long, 
acute, much shorter than the calyx-lobes. 
In dry soil, Texas to New Mexico and adjacent Mexico. Spring and summer. 
2. Calophanes humistràta (Michx.) Nees. Foliage glabrous to por Stems 
erect or decumbent, 1-4 dm. long, weak, often sparingly branched, slightly zigzag: leaves 
few ; blades elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse or acute, undulate, attenuate to the 
base: petioles shorter than the blades: calyx puberulent ; lobes subulate-setaceous from a 
lanceolate base, 6-8 mm. long: corolla white, about 1 cm. long ; tube much shorter than 
the dilated throat ; limb about 1 mm. broad; lobes truncate or retuse : capsules slender, 
8-10 mm. long, surpassed by the calyx-lobes. 
In low sandy pine lands or river swamps, Georgia to Florida. Spring. 
3. Calophanes angüsta A. Gray. Foliage puberulent. Stems erect, 1-2 dm. tall, 
usually much branched: leaves numerous; blades linear or linear-oblong, or spatulate 
below, 1-2.5 cm. long, acute or acutish, obscurely nerved, sessile or nearly so: calyx mi- 
nutely pubescent ; lobes linear-subulate, 9-11 mm. long, slender-tipped : corolla retrorsely 
De barely 1 cm. long, finely pubescent without ; tube slender ; limb about 1 cm. 
road ; lobes broadly cuneate, truncate, eroded at the apex : capsules club-shaped, 7-8 mm. 
long, acute, rather longer than the calyx-lobes. 
In sand, southern Florida. Throughout the year. 
4. Calophanes oblongifólia (Michx. ) D. Don. Foliage minutely but rather densely 
pubescent. Stems more or less branched, 1-3 dm. tall ; leaf-blades oblong or the lower 
ones obovate or cuneate, 1-3 cm. long, obtuse, often undulate, sessile or the lower 
short-petioled : calyx hirsute ; lobes subulate, 12-15 mm. long, very aoe ce d 
corolla inconspicuously pubescent, blue often mottled with purple; tube (proper) shorter 
than the broadly funnelform throat; limb about 1.5 cm. broad; lobes nearly as long as 
the throat, truncate or retuse: capsules oblong-clavate, 10-13 mm. long, acute. 
In sandy soil or pine lands, Virginia to Florida. Spring to fall. 
4. RUÉLLIA L. ; 
Perennial herbs or shrubs, with erect or diffuse stems. Leaves opposite : blades entire 
or toothed, often petioled. Flowers perfect, solitary or clustered in the axils or in 
terminal cymes or panicles. Calyx narrow: lobes linear-filiform to lanceolate. Corolla 
funnelform or salverform : tube narrow, dilated into a more or less ample throat : lobes 5, 
somewhat unequal, spreading, convolute. Stamens 4, included or exserted : anther-sacs 
not mucronate. Ovary 2-celled. Styles recurved at the apex. Ovules 3-10 in each 
cavity. Capsule oblong or clavate, terete or flattened. Seeds flattened. 
Flowers or flower-clusters peduncled. 
Bracts small and narrow. 1. R. tuberosa. 
Bracts foliaceous. 2. R. pedunculata. 
Flowers or flower-clusters sessile or essentially so. 
A. Calyx-lobes linear-filiform or with filiform tips, longer than the capsule. : 
Corolla 7-10 em. long. 3. R. noctiflora. 
Corolla 4-6 em. long. js 
Plants less than 1 dm. tall. 4. R. humilis. 
Plants over 2 dm. tall. a 
Leaf-blades sessile or essentially so. 5. R. ciliosa. 
Leaf-blades manifestly petioled. : ; 
Plants green : leaf-blades not conspicuously nerved beneath. 6. R. parviftora. 
Plants grayish pubescent: leaf-blades conspicuously nerved beneath. 
