RUBIACEAE 1105 
many stamens as corolla-lobes or twice as many, or rarely fewer. Anthers sep- 
arate. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary 1-10-celled. Styles united. 
Ovules 1-many in each cavity of the ovary. Fruit a capsule, a berry or a drupe. 
Leaves with stipules adnate to the stems between the leaf-bases. Fam. 1. RUBIACEAE, 
Leaves without stipules, or if present these adnate to the petiole. Fam, 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 
FAMILY 1. RUBIACEAE B. Juss. Mapper FAMILY. 
Herbs, shrubs or trees of great economic importance, with terete, or often 
4-angled branches and swollen nodes. Leaves opposite or whorled : stipules 
usually interpetiolar: blades simple. Inflorescence cymose, often paniculate or 
capitate. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regular or nearly so, almost symmet- 
rieal. Hypanthium various, adnate to the ovary. Calyx a truncate limb or 
of several deciduous or persistent sepals. Corolla regular, inserted near the 
top of the hypanthium, of 3-6, or rarely 10, more or less united petals. Androe- 
cium of as many stamens as there are lobes of the corolla and alternate with 
them, adnate to the tube, often to near the throat. Filaments sometimes 
elongated, distinct or united. Anthers introse, erect or incumbent. Gynoecium 
a single compound pistil. Ovary more or less adnate to the hypanthium, 2-5- 
celled. Styles united. Stigmas 2-many. Ovules sometimes solitary and erect, 
sometimes numerous, anatropous or amphitropous, ascending, horizontal or 
pendulous. Fruit a capsule, drupe or berry. Seeds often flattened on one side, 
with a smooth or rough testa. Endosperm fleshy, cartilaginous or horny, or 
sometimes nearly wanting. Embryo straight or curved either in the axis of the 
endosperm or near the back. 
Cavities of the ovary with several or many ovules: seeds several or many. 
Fruit dry. 
Seeds wingless. 
Ovules very numerous: shrubs or trees. 
Ovules several: herbs, sometimes woody at the base. 
Sepals and corolla-lobes 4. : 
Top of the capsule not extending beyond the hypanthium. 2. OLDENLANDIA. 
Top of the capsule extending beyond the hypanthium. 3. HOUSTONIA. 
Sepa!s and corolla-lobes 5. 4. PENTODON. 
Seeds winged. 5. EXOSTEMA. 
Fruit pulpy. 
Fruit 2-celled. 
Flowers in eymes. 6. GENIPA. 
Flowers solitary. 
- 
. PINCKNEYA. 
Corolla-lobes 5, convolute. 7 RANDIA. 
Corolla-lobes 4, valvate. 8. CATESBAEA. 
Fruit 5-celled. 9. HAMELIA. 
Cavities of the ovary with a single ovule each: seed solitary. i 
Flowers in dense heads. 10. CEPHALANTHUS. 
Flowers solitary or in an open inflorescence. 
Ovule pendulous. 
Filaments wholly or partly adnate to the corolla-tube. 11. GUETTARDIA. 
Filaments not adnate to the corolla-tube. 
Inflorescence termina}. 12. ERITHALIS. 
Inflorescence axillary. 13. CHIOCOCCA. 
Ovule not pendulous. 
Corolla-lóbes imbricated. 14. STRUMPFIA. 
Corolla-lobes valvate. 
Ovule or seed with à basal attachment. i 
Flowers not patred, the ovaries distinct. 15. PSYCHOTRIA. 
Flowers paired, the ovaries united. 16. MITCHELLA. 
Ovule or seed with a lateral attachment. 
Shrubs or trees. 17. MORINDA. 
eae 1 lativel ll i r less cleft 
tipules relatively small or inconspicuous, more o 5 
Dear 3- or Pare op 18. RICHARDIA. 
Ovary 2-celled. 
Fruit drupaceous, the carpels neither dehiscent nor sep- ai 
arating. 19. ERNODEA. 
Fruit not drupaceous, € — iue e aig or a 
Mature carpels merely separating from each other. ; 
Carpel-walls very thin at maturity, the seed not free. 20. CRUSEA. 
Carpel-walls firm at maturity, the seed free. 21. DIODIA. 
Mature carpels dehiscent. : 
Fruit septicidal, and both carpels ventrally dehiscent. 22. BORRERIA. 
Fruit separating into carpels, one of which opens 
through the ventral face, the other remaining 
closed. . SPERMACOCE 
Stipules foliaceous, usually resembling the leaves. . GALIUM, 
EN 
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