RUBIACEAE 1119 
lobes acuminate: fruit 6 mm. in diameter, but usually only one carpel developing, gla- 
brous, slightly fleshy: endosperm moderately grooved, lunate in cross-section. 
In dry woods in mountainous districts, Pennsylvania to Georgia and Alabama. Spring and sum- 
mer.—A form with more tufted densely hispid stems 3 dm. high and leaf-blades hispid on both surfaces, 
is G. latifolium hispidifolium Small; it occurs on mountains along the boundary between Virginia and 
North Carolina. 
8. Galium hispidulum Michx. Perennial. Stems diffusely branched, 1-6 dm. long, 
decumbent at the base or prostrate, glabrous, or hispidulous, but not scabrous: leaves and 
stipules in 4’s, mostly equalling the internodes, 5-25 mm. long; blades elliptic-oblong, 
very acute at both ends, cuspidate at the apex, rather thick, shining, cellular-papillose 
and nearly glabrous above, the lower surface pubescent and pellucid-punctate: flowers 
few, on short stout pedicels deflexed in fruit, in clusters of 3’s or 5’s from the involucrate 
whorls which are borne on short bracted lateral branches slightly exceeding the leaves: 
corolla greenish white, 2 mm. broad ; lobes 4, acute and hairy: ovary minutely pubes- 
cent : fruit 5 mm. in diameter, nearly smooth, rarely pubescent, baccate : endosperm deeply 
grooved, deeply lunate in cross-section. 
In dry sandy soil, in the coastal plain, New Jersey to Florida. Spring and summer. 
9. Galium uniflorum Michx. Perennial. Stems smooth and glabrous, 3 dm. high, 
decumbent at the base or erect, sometimes simple : leaf-blades linear, acute, 2.5-2.8 cm. long, 
the margins scabrous, the lower surface punctate: flowers solitary or in pairs, on short 
bracted axillary branches : corolla white : ovary glabrous : fruit baccate, dark-blue, mostly 
pendulous, glabrous. 
In rich dry woods, South Carolina to Florida and Texas. Summer. 
10. Galium Claytónii Michx. Perennial. Stems erect or ascending, diffuse and 
weak when old, 15-60 cm. high, retrorse-scabrous on the angles, diffusely branched : 
leaves and stipules commonly in 5's or 6's; blades linear-spatulate or spatulate-oblong, 8— 
15 mm. long, obtuse, cuneate at the base and nearly sessile, glabrous and dull, except the 
scabrous margin and midrib: flowers on rather short stright glabrous pedicels which in 
fruit are strongly divaricate, in terminal bracted clusters of 2’s or 3’s: corolla minute, 
white; lobes 3, broadly oval, obtuse: fruit small, glabrous: endosperm with the margins 
incurved forming a hollow sphere, annular in cross-section. 
In open marshes and ditehes, Massachusetts to Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina and Texas. 
Spring and summer. 
11. Galium tinctórium L. Perennial. Stems 15-25 cm. high, the branches nu- 
merous, several times forked, glabrous or nearly so: leaves and stipules mostly in 4’s ; 
blades linear-lanceolate, broadest. below the middle, 15-25 mm. long, obtuse, cuneate at the 
base, 1-nerved, glabrous, except the slightly scabrous margins and midrib, dull and dark- 
. green, not papillose: flowers few, in terminal clusters of 2’s or 3’s; pedicels slender, 
straight: corolla white, 2-3.5 mm. broad; lobes 4, acute: fruit rather small, 1 carpel 
usually sterile, very smooth : endosperm as in the next preceding species. 
In damp shaded places and swamps, Canada to Michigan, Nebraska, North Carolina, Tennessee 
and Arizona. Summer.—A form growing in sandy swamps from Virginia to Florida, with more slender 
and diffuse branches, almost filiform strongly cellular-papillose leaves, minute bracts and open cymes, 
is G. tinctorium filifolium Wiegand. G. tinctorium Floridanwm Wiegand, of Florida, is a weak slender 
decumbent form, with slightly scabrous stems, linear-spatulate flaccid leaf-blades, occasionally axillary, 
Solitary flowers and rarely 3-lobed corollas. d 
12. Galium Parisiénse L. Annual. Stems diffusely branched and intertangled, 
15-30 cm. high, sparsely retrorse-scabrous on the angles : leaves and stipules in 6’s (rarely 
5’s or 7's), 5-8 mm. long ; blades linear or linear-spatulate, acutely cuspidate at the apex, 
attenuate at the base, scabrous on both surfaces, somewhat shining and cellular-papillose : 
flowers on ‘short filiform glabrous pedicels, in terminal and lateral few-flowered leafy 
cymes: corolla very minute, white; lobes 4, mostly obtuse: fruit 1 mm. in diameter, 
conspicuously papillose-roughened : endosperm very similar to that of G. triflorum, nearly 
spherical, the cross-section circular, groove very shallow, with a central ridge. [G. 
Anglicum Huds. ] 
na On roadsides and in fields, naturalized from Europe, in Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee. 
mmer. 
13. Galium aspréllum L. Perennial. Stems 3-16 dm. long, weak and reclining, 
retrorse-scabrous, or prickly, the branches numerous but short: leaves and stipules of 
the main stem mostly in Ó's, much shorter than the internode, 1-2 cm. long; blades 
oblong-spatulate, or elliptical, cuspidate, tapering below into a very short petiole, glabrous 
except the scabrous margins and midribs, l-nerved : flowers very numerous, white, on 
short filiform pedicels in much-branched terminal and lateral leafy bracted cymes : corolla 
2 mm. broad ; lobes 4, acute: fruit small, 2.5 mm. in diameter, smooth and glabrous. 
In open swamps and moist thickets, Newfoundland to Ontario, Wisconsin, Nebraska and North 
Carolina. Summer. ROUGH BED STRAW. 
