CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1121 
longer than broad : corolla white, turning brown in age, 4-5 mm. broad ; lobes oblong or 
ovate-oblong : drupes red or scarlet, 4-6 mm. in diameter: nutlets minutely roughened. 
In rich soil or on cliffs, New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to the mountains of Georgia, 
Colorado and California. Spring. 
2. Sambucus Canadénsis L. A shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 m. tall, with a 
maximum trunk diameter of about 3 dm., the foliage glabrous or slightly silky-pubescent : 
leaflets 5-11, the blades oblong to ovate or oval, 3-14 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, 
sharply serrate with incurved teeth, rarely divided at the base: cymes much broader than 
high, convex, 1-3 dm. broad: corolla white, 5-6 mm. broad ; lobes broadly oblong or 
oval: drupes deep purple or nearly black, 4-6 mm. in diameter: nutlets conspicuously 
roughened. 
In moist soil, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida, Texas and Arizona. Spring and early summer. 
3. Sambucus Mexicana Presl A tree usually 7-9 m. tall, the trunk often 3 dm. 
thick near the base : leaflets mostly 5, the blades pubescent on both sides, but more densely 
so beneath, dentate or serrate-dentate : cymes flat, 1-2 dm. broad: corolla creamy white, 
3-3.5 mm. broad: drupes black or nearly so, about 6 mm. in diameter. 
In river valleys, Texas and Mexico. Spring and early summer. 
2. VIBÜRNUM L. 
Shrubs or trees, with a smooth or deely furrowed often strong-scented bark. Leaves 
opposite: blades simple, leathery or membranous, entire or toothed: stipules usually 
obsolete or small. Flowers disposed in corymbose cymes, those at the exterior of the 
corymb sometimes neutral, their pedicels furnished with 1-2 scales Hypanthium tur- 
binate or obovoid. Sepals 5, equal, persistent. Corolla white or pink, rotate, with 5 equal 
imbricated lobes. Stamens 5, adnate to the corolla-tube: filaments variable in length. 
Disk wanting. Ovary 1-3-celled. Ovules solitary, pendulous. Drupe fleshy, or some- 
times dry, varying from globose to oblong, terete or flattened, the single stone flattened, 
usually grooved at least on one side. Endosperm rarely ruminated. ARROW-WOOD. 
Some flowers at the margin of the cymes radiant and sterile: drupes mainly red or scarlet. 
1. V. alnifolium. 
None of the flowers radiant: drupes blue or black. 
Leaf-blades palmately nerved or lobed. 
Leaf-blades with salient lobes, the teeth manifestly acute or flaring. 2. V. acerifolium. 
Leaf-blades merely toothed or obscurely lobed, the teeth rounded or rela- : 
tively blunt. 3. V. densiflorum. 
Leaf-blades-pinnately nerved. 
Cymes manifestly peduncled. 
Leaf-blades coarsely dentate. : 
Leaf-blades sessile or very short-petioled. 4. V. pubescens. 
Leaf-blades relatively long-petioled. : 
Lower surfaces of the leaf-blades glabrous or merely with tufts of 
hairs in the axils of the nerves. 5. V. dentatum. 
Lower surfaces of the leaf-blades stellate-pubescent. 6. V. molle. 
Leaf-blades entire or irregularly erose-crenulate. A 
Peduncles shorter than the cymes. 7. V. cassinoides. 
Peduncles as long as the cymes or longer. 8. V. nudum. 
Cymes sessile or nearly so. 
Leaves with manifest distinction between the blade and petiole ; blades 
toothed all around. > 
Leaf-blades prominently acuminate, serrate. 9. V. lentago. 
Leaf-blades obtuse or merely acute, serrulate. Ne 
Petioles and leaf-surfaces glabrous or nearly so : seeds oblong. 10. V. prunifolium. 
Petioles and leaf-surfaces more or less densely red-tomentose : 
seeds orbicular or nearly so. 11. V. rufotomentosum. 
Leaves without distinction between blade and petiole; blades entire or 
mainly so, sometimes unevenly crenate. E 
Drupes 6-7 mm. long ; stone turgid, suborbicular. 12: y. obovatum. 
Drupes 10-11 mm. long; stone flat, oblong-obovate. 13. V. Nashii. 
1. Viburnum alnifdlium Marsh. A low usually straggling shrub, with the twigs, 
leaves and inflorescence stellate-pubescent. Stems decumbent or sometimes erect, 1-4 m. 
long; bark often warty: leaf-blades broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 10-20 cm. long, 
ss a acuminate, finely and doubly serrate, cordate, glabrate above, especially scurfy 
on the nerves beneath: petioles 1-3 cm. long: cymes sessile, 7-15 cm. broad: inner 
flowers fruit-producing, with white corollas 5-6 mm. broad: marginal ones often neutral 
and radiant, with corollas 2-2.5 cm. broad: drupes red or scarlet, sometimes becoming 
purple, 10-15 mm. long; stone flattened, with 3 grooves on one side and one on the other. 
[ V. lantanoides Michx. 
In damp woods, New Brunswick to Michigan and North Carolina. Spring. HOBBLE-BUSH. 
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