1128 VALERIAN ACEAE 
1. VALERIANA L. 
Perennial heavy-scented herbs. Stems occasionally almost wanting, or erect or elon- 
gated and climbing. Leaf-blades entire, toothed or pinnatitid. Flowers perfect, in close 
terminal, spicate or panicled cymes. Calyx-limb inrolled but at length spreading, devel- 
oping 5-15 plumose bristles. Corolla white or pink, funnelform or salverform, 5-lobed : tube 
more or less gibbous or saccate : lobes spreading. Stamens 3 or rarely fewer. Ovary 1- 
celled: style filiform, slightly 2-3-cleft at the apex. Achene flattened, 1-nerved on the 
back, 3-nerved on the front. Seed solitary. Embryo straight. VALERIAN. 
Stems climbing ; upper stem-leaves ternate: corolla 1.5 mm. long. 1. V. scandens. 
Stems erect: upper stem-leaves pinnate: corolla 2 em. long. 2. V. pauciflora. 
.l. Valeriana scandens L. Foliage glabrous. Stems slender, climbing, branched : 
basal leaves with entire broadly ovate cordate blades: stem-leaves with mostly ternately 
divided long-petioled blades, the segments ovate, or deltoid-ovate, acute or acuminate, un- 
dulate or distinctly and shallowly toothed, the terminal one truncate or subcordate, the two 
lateral ones oblique at the base : panicles axillary and terminal, 1-2 dm. long, its branches 
zigzag, the ultimate divisions being spikes: flowers very small, their bracts 1-2 mm. long: 
corolla short-funnelform, about 1.5 mm. long: fruit narrowly ovoid. 
In thickets, Florida, also in the West Indies, Central and South America. 
2. Valeriana pauciflóra Michx. Foliagesometimes sparingly pubescent. Stems erect, 
3-10 dm. tall, usually simple : leaves various ; basal and lower stem-leaves with undivided 
or nearly undivided, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or acutish crenate or dentate 
or rarely entire cordate long-petioled blades; upper stem-leaves with pinnately divided 
blades, with large segments and 1 or 2 pairs of smaller ones, one of which is near the base 
of the petiole, the larger segments ovate, toothed like the lower leaf-blades: corymbs 
terminal, 5-10 cm. long: bracts 4-8 mm. long: corolla white or pink, about 2 cm. 
long; tube very slender, funnelform above; lobes about as long as broad, rounded at 
the apex. 
On alluvial river banks, Pennsylvania to Missouri, Virginia and Tennessee. Spring. 
2. VALERIANELLA Moench. 
Annual vernal herbs, with fleshy tissues and usually glabrous foliage. Stems dichot- 
omously branched. Leaves opposite, the basal rosulate: blades entire, toothed, lobed or 
rarely pinnatifid. Flowers perfect, in terminal clustered or corymbose cymes. Calyx 
small, lobed or obsolete. Corolla white, bluish or purplish, funnelform : tube not usually 
gibbous: limb of 5 spreading equal lobes. Stamens 3. Fruit with the 2 sterile portions 
more or less enlarged, sometimes confluent, rarely bursting. CoRN SALAD. 
Corolla blue or purplish: fruit about twice as broad as thick': species introduced. 1, V. Locusta. 
Corolla white: fruit about as broad as thick : species native. 
Fruit with the fertile portion fully as wide as the sterile portion. 
Fruit 3-angled. 2. V. amarella. 
Fruit 4-angled. 
Fruit ovoid-tetragonal, with a broad and shallow groove between the sterile : 
portions. 3. V. radiata. 
Fruit oblong-tetragonal, with a very narrow groove between the sterile ; 
portions. 4. V. stenocarpa. 
Fruit with the fertile portion much smaller and narrower than the sterile portion : 
Empty cavities broad, bladder-like by the infolding of the edges and form- y 
ing a cross-shaped umbilication. 5. V. umbilicata. 
p Valais r E so as to mare a bap ILES aia RM ened 
mpty cavities dilated and divergent, forming a saucer-sha y notehe f 
vat both ends. 2 j E 6. V. patellaria. 
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Empty cavities contiguous, with an oblong depression between them. . V. Woodsiana. 
1. Valerianella Locüsta (L. ) Bettke. Stems erect, 1-4 dm. tall, simple or branched 
throughout: leaves fleshy ; basal and lower stem-leaves with spatulate or oblanceolate 
blades; upper stem-leaves with oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed 
blades, all obtuse, 1.5-7 cm. long: corolla blue or purplish, funnelform ; tube not longer 
than the diameter of the limb: fruit about twice as broad as thick. [V. olttoria Poll.] 
In waste places, woods and meadows, New York to New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Louisiana. 
Spring and early summer. 
2. Valerianella amarélla Krok. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. tall, usually much branched 
throughout, or sometimes simple: basal and lower stem-leaves with oblanceolate or spatu- 
late blades; upper stem-leaves with oblong or oblong-oblanceolate blades, all obtuse, ory 
or less undulate or crenate, sessile : corolla white, funnelform : fruit 3-angled, with fertile 
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