VALERIANACEAE 1129 
portion fully as broad as the sterile portion, about 1 mm. long, white-hirsute, all the angles 
obtuse or rounded. 
In low grounds, Texas. Spring and summer. 
3. Valerianella radiata Dufr. Stems erect, 2-7 dm. tall or rarely very low, simple 
or branched above or throughout : leaves 2-10 em. long ; basal and lower stem-leaves with 
spatulate obovate or somewhat fiddle-shaped entire blades; upper stem-leaves with oblong 
or oblanceolate blades, or the uppermost ovate, all obtuse, shallowly toothed, especially 
near the base or entire : corolla white, funnelform : fruit 4-angled, obovoid-tetragonal with 
a broad and shallow groove between the sterile portions. 
In meadows and low grounds, New York to Michigan, Florida and Texas. Spring and sum- 
mer. 
4. Valerianella stenocárpa Krok. Stems slender, erect, 1-3 dm. tall, branched 
above, or sometimes simple: leaves 1-8 cm. long ; basal with spatulate blades ; lower stem- 
leaves oblanceolate, entire; upper leaves with oblong or oblong-ovate more or less distinctly 
toothed blades, all obtuse: peduncles nearly filiform : corolla white, funnelform : fruit 4- 
angled, oblong-tetragonal, with a very narrow groove between the sterile portions, usually 
glabrous, rarely pubescent. 
In low grounds, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. Spring. 
5. Valerianella umbilicata (Sulliv.) Krok. In habit and leaves resembling V. 
radiata, Fruit about 2 mm. long with fertile portion much narrower and smaller than the 
sterile portion, which is bladder-like by the infolding of the edges, thus forming a cross- 
shaped umbilication. 
In low grounds, New York and Ohio to Pennsylvania and Tennessee. Spring and summer. 
6. Valerianella patellària (Sulliv.) Krok. In habit and leaves resembling V. radiata. 
Fruit about 2 mm. long, with the fertile portion much smaller and narrower than the 
sterile, edges never infolded, dialated, forming a saucer-shaped body with a notch 
at both ends. 
In meadows and low grounds, Pennsylvania to Ohio and Tennessee. Spring. 
7. Valerianella Woodsiana (T. & G.) Walp. In habit and leaves resembling V. 
radiata. Fruit about 2 mm. long, with the fertile portions much smaller and narrower 
than the sterile; the cavities of this latter contiguous, with an oblong depression be- 
tween them. 
In low grounds, New York to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Tennessee and Texas. Spring and summer. 
3. SIPHONÉLLA &mall. 
Annual vernal herbs, with glabrous foliage and fleshy tissues, resembling Valerianella 
in habit. Bracts of the inflorescence ciliate with gland-tipped teeth. Cymes congested. 
Corolla white, cream-colored, purplish or pink, salverform: tube slender, twice or 
four times as long as the lobes of the irregularly 2-lipped limb, commonly swollen 
or spurred near the middle or base; the two posterior lobes more united than the rest. 
Stamens 3. Fruit with the fertile cavity much smaller than the two divergent empty 
sterile cavities. 
Corolla pink or purplish ; tube over 6 mm. long, often swollen at the base. ; l. V. longiftora. 
Corolla white or cream-colored ; tube less than 5 mm. long, often swollen at the middle. 2. V. Nuttallii. 
1. Siphonella longiflora (T. & G.) Small. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. tall, simple or 
branched throughout: leaves 1-5 cm. long; basal spatulate, entire; upper stem-leaves 
with mostly oblong blades usually more or less sharply toothed at the base, obtuse: corolla 
pink or purplish, about 1 cm. long ; tube nearly filiform, often swollen near the base, 3-4 
times as long as the obtuse lobes : fruit almost orbicular in outline, saucer-shaped, the ster- 
ile portions separated by a narrow partition, widely diverging, each larger than the fertile 
portion which is tipped with a short blunt apex. [Fedia longiflora T. & G.] 
In low rocky grounds or on cliffs, Missouri and Arkansas. Spring. 
2. Siphonella Nuttallii (T. & G.) Small. Stems erect, 1-2 dm. tall, simple or 
sparingly branched above: leaves 1-2 cm. long; basal spatulate; lower stem-leaves with 
oblanceolate or oblanceolate-spatulate blades, and those of the upper leaves oblong, all 
obtuse or retuse, entire: cymes congested : corolla cream-colored or white, 5-6 mm. long ; 
tube slender, with a little sack near the middle, about twice as long as the obtuse lobes 
of the limb: fruit similar to that of S. longiflora, but the fertile portion with a soft 
elongated tip. [Fedia Nuttallii T. & G.] 
On low plains, Arkansas. Spring. 
